Developmental effects of heatwave conditions on the early life stages of a coral reef fish

Spinks, Rachel K.; Munday, Philip L.

doi:10.1242/jeb.202713

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Carry-over effects of warm temperature exposure during early development on thermal tolerance, both persistent and latent, are not well understood in fishes ( Vagner et al , 2019 ). When CTMax was measured in fish that experienced a higher temperature during development followed by acclimation to a control temperature, CTMax decreased in sockeye salmon ( Chen et al , 2013 ) and did not change in spiny damselfish ( Spinks et al , 2019 ). In contrast, after acclimating adult zebrafish to three temperatures, fish that were reared at warmer temperatures had a consistently higher CTMax at each acclimation temperature compared to fish that were reared at lower temperatures ( Schaefer and Ryan, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensitivity to warming and hypoxia during development and long-term effects of developmental exposure in early life stage Chinook salmon

Rio

Mukai

Martin

et al. 2021

Conservation Physiology

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Warming and hypoxia are two stressors commonly found within natural salmon redds that are likely to co-occur. Warming and hypoxia can interact physiologically, but their combined effects during fish development remain poorly studied, particularly stage-specific effects and potential carry-over effects. To test the impacts of warm water temperature and hypoxia as individual and combined developmental stressors, late fall-run Chinook salmon embryos were reared in 10 treatments from fertilization through hatching with two temperatures [10°C (ambient) and 14°C (warm)], two dissolved oxygen saturation levels [normoxia (100% air saturation, 10.4–11.4 mg O2/l) and hypoxia (50% saturation, 5.5 mg O2/l)] and three exposure times (early [eyed stage], late [silver-eyed stage] and chronic [fertilization through hatching]). After hatching, all treatments were transferred to control conditions (10°C and 100% air saturation) through the fry stage. To study stage-specific effects of stressor exposure we measured routine metabolic rate (RMR) at two embryonic stages, hatching success and growth. To evaluate carry-over effects, where conditions during one life stage influence performance in a later stage, RMR of all treatments was measured in control conditions at two post-hatch stages and acute stress tolerance was measured at the fry stage. We found evidence of stage-specific effects of both stressors during exposure and carry-over effects on physiological performance. Both individual stressors affected RMR, growth and developmental rate while multiple stressors late in development reduced hatching success. RMR post-hatch showed persistent effects of embryonic stressor exposure that may underlie differences observed in developmental timing and acute stress tolerance. The responses to stressors that varied by stage during development suggest that stage-specific management efforts could support salmon embryo survival. The persistent carry-over effects also indicate that considering sub-lethal effects of developmental stressor exposure may be important to understanding how climate change influences the performance of salmon across life stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensitivity to warming and hypoxia during development and long-term effects of developmental exposure in early life stage Chinook salmon

Rio

Mukai

Martin

et al. 2021

Conservation Physiology

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“…Fish were randomly allocated a tank within their temperature treatment. A 1.5°C increase already occurs on the Great Barrier Reef during marine heatwaves (Frölicher et al, 2018 ; Hughes et al, 2019 ; Spinks et al, 2019 ) and is projected to occur as an average temperature by 2050–2100 (IPCC, 2013 ). The control water temperature simulated seasonal (winter minimum 23.2°C, summer maximum 28.5°C) and diurnal (03:00 h −0.6°C, 15:00 h +0.6°C) cycles for the Palm Islands region based on temperature loggers from 2002 to 2015 in 0.2–14.6 m depth (AIMS, 2016 ), with the elevated treatment matching this but 1.5°C higher.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents exposed to warming produce offspring lower in weight and condition

Spinks

Donelson

Bonzi

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The parental environment can alter offspring phenotypes via the transfer of non‐genetic information. Parental effects may be viewed as an extension of (within‐generation) phenotypic plasticity. Smaller size, poorer physical condition, and skewed sex ratios are common responses of organisms to global warming, yet whether parental effects alleviate, exacerbate, or have no impact on these responses has not been widely tested. Further, the relative non‐genetic influence of mothers and fathers and ontogenetic timing of parental exposure to warming on offspring phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we tested how maternal, paternal, and biparental exposure of a coral reef fish ( Acanthochromis polyacanthus ) to elevated temperature (+1.5°C) at different ontogenetic stages (development vs reproduction) influences offspring length, weight, condition, and sex. Fish were reared across two generations in present‐day and projected ocean warming in a full factorial design. As expected, offspring of parents exposed to present‐day control temperature that were reared in warmer water were shorter than their siblings reared in control temperature; however, within‐generation plasticity allowed maintenance of weight, resulting in a higher body condition. Parental exposure to warming, irrespective of ontogenetic timing and sex, resulted in decreased weight and condition in all offspring rearing temperatures. By contrast, offspring sex ratios were not strongly influenced by their rearing temperature or that of their parents. Together, our results reveal that phenotypic plasticity may help coral reef fishes maintain performance in a warm ocean within a generation, but could exacerbate the negative effects of warming between generations, regardless of when mothers and fathers are exposed to warming. Alternatively, the multigenerational impact on offspring weight and condition may be a necessary cost to adapt metabolism to increasing temperatures. This research highlights the importance of examining phenotypic plasticity within and between generations across a range of traits to accurately predict how organisms will respond to climate change.

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“…Given that the mechanisms which underlie LOE at CT max in fishes are unknown, the reasons why CT max is plastic are also unclear but may involve a number of processes that are involved in thermal acclimation or acclimatization (Currie & Schulte, 2014). Nonetheless, one common pattern is that a given increase in acclimation temperature is not linked to an equivalent increase in CT max , such that the thermal safety margin, the difference between acclimation temperature and CT max , narrows as a fish is acclimated to progressively warmer temperatures across its thermal range ( e.g ., Habary et al ., 2017; McArley et al ., 2017; McDonnell et al ., 2019; Spinks et al ., 2019). This effect is exemplified by an extensive data set on rainbow trout relating acclimation temperature to CT max (Table 2, Figure 3), where there is a clear asymptote in CT max as animals are acclimated to increasingly higher temperatures over their existing thermal range.…”

Section: Intraspecific Variation In Thermal Tolerance Due To Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes

McKenzie

Zhang

Eliason

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates strongly that this is the case, possibly because of universal physiological principles. The second is intraspecific variation that is because of phenotypic plasticity, also a mechanistic phenomenon that buffers individuals' sensitivity to negative impacts of global warming in their lifetime, or to some extent through epigenetic effects over successive generations. Although the evidence for plasticity in tolerance to warming is extensive, more work is required to understand underlying mechanisms and to reveal whether there are general patterns. The third element is intraspecific variation based on heritable genetic differences in tolerance, which underlies local adaptation and may define long-term adaptability of a species in the face of ongoing global change. There is clear evidence of local adaptation and some evidence of heritability of tolerance to warming, but the knowledge base is limited with detailed information for only a few model or emblematic species. There is also strong evidence of structured variation in tolerance of warming within species, which may have ecological and evolutionary significance irrespective of whether it reflects plasticity or adaptation. Although the overwhelming consensus is that having broader intraspecific variation in tolerance should reduce species vulnerability to impacts of global warming, there are no sufficient data on fishes to provide insights into particular mechanisms by which this may occur.

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Developmental effects of heatwave conditions on the early life stages of a coral reef fish

Cited by 20 publications

References 92 publications

Differential sensitivity to warming and hypoxia during development and long-term effects of developmental exposure in early life stage Chinook salmon

Differential sensitivity to warming and hypoxia during development and long-term effects of developmental exposure in early life stage Chinook salmon

Parents exposed to warming produce offspring lower in weight and condition

Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes

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