Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

BackgroundDevelopmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life.MethodsThis study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status.ResultsThe prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60–4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26–3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted.ConclusionMIH and enamel hypoplasia had no significant impact on the overall oral health quality of life of children resident in southwestern Nigeria. However, children with caries and those from middle and low socioeconomic classes had poorer oral health quality of life.

Association Between Developmental Dental Anomalies, Early Childhood Caries And Oral Hygiene Status Of 3-5-year-old Children In Ile-ife, Nigeria

“…The study showed that the prevalence of DDA in the primary dentition of preschoolers was lower than the 11.3% and 16.1% reported in children with mixed dentition in earlier studies, [19] but higher than the 2.2% reported in the permanent dentition of study participants in Nigeria [6]. The prevalence of DDA reported in this study is higher than 1.8% to 2.5% that was reported for preschool children in Brazil [21].…”

“…This study adds new information to the existing evidence on the prevalence of DDA in a low-middle-income suburban population in Nigeria. It is the first study on the prevalence of DDA among preschool-aged children in Nigeria, although a prior study reported the prevalence of DDA lesions in primary teeth of children aged 6-12 years old [6]. The present study is the first to provide populationlevel estimates of the prevalence of hypomineralized primary second molar, fluorosis, and amelogenesis imperfecta in children aged 3-5 years old in Nigeria.…”

“…However, we found that the proportion of children with ECC and poor oral hygiene who had a DDA was twice that of those who had no ECC and those who had good oral hygiene. The presence of a DDA increases the risk for plaque retention [6], which is a known risk factor for ECC in Nigeria [26]. A prior study had shown that DDA increased the risk for poor oral hygiene in the permanent dentition [6].…”

“…The presence of a DDA increases the risk for plaque retention [6], which is a known risk factor for ECC in Nigeria [26]. A prior study had shown that DDA increased the risk for poor oral hygiene in the permanent dentition [6]. Although our study found no statistically significant association between DDA, ECC and oral hygiene status, the higher prevalence level of ECC and poor oral hygiene with a DDA may imply that children 3-5 years old with DDA should be treated as children with high risk for ECC and poor oral hygiene.…”

“…Only 90 (46.6%) of the 193 United Nations countries have English-language publications on the epidemiology of DDA, despite several years of research on the subject. Data were least available for Africa, [3] and few studies had been conducted in Nigeria [4][5][6]. This study provides data on clinically diagnosed DDA in the primary dentition of young children in a suburban population in Nigeria.…”