“…Early adolescent depression predicts levels of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use amongst girls but not boys (Fleming et al, 2008;Marmorstein, 2010;Saraceno, Heron, Munafò, Craddock, & van den Bree, 2012). The association of depression and alcohol use appears stronger for younger adolescents than older adolescents (Arnold, Greco, Desmond, & Rotheram-Borus, 2014) and it is independent of the autoregressive effects for alcohol use, conduct disorder, academic achievement, and socioeconomic disadvantage (Fleming et al, 2008;Marmorstein, 2010;McCarty et al, 2012;Saraceno et al, 2012). In addition, certain anxiety disorders predict alcohol use over time Polydrug use and psychological distress 4 (Kaplow, Curran, Angold, & Costello, 2001), and, at least in older adolescents, these effects are significant after controlling for conduct disorder (Zimmermann et al, 2003).…”