Developmental changes in the relationship between leptin and adiposity among Tsimané children and adolescents

Sharrock, Katherine C.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.; Leonard, William R.; Tanner, Susan; Reyes‐García, Victoria; Vadez, Vincent; Huanca, Tomás; McDade, Thomas W.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.20765

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Additionally, we did not explicitly include onset of puberty in our analyses. This may be an important factor to consider given that both adiponectin and leptin are suppressed by increased androgen release during puberty [46], [47]. However, data for our cohort show that child adiponectin, leptin and BMI did not yet differ by sex at 9 years (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Adiponectin and Leptin Trajectories in Mexican-American Children from Birth to 9 Years of Age

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesTo address molecular mechanisms underlying obesity development, we examined patterns of critical metabolism-related hormones, adiponectin and leptin (adipokines), over childhood.Subjects and DesignPlasma adiponectin and leptin were measured in 80 Mexican-American children at birth and again at 2, 5, and 9 years from the ongoing prospective cohort followed by the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). We used a mixture modeling approach to identify patterns in adipokine trajectories from birth to 9 years.ResultsLeptin was positively related to child body size within all ages, however adiponectin had inverse and weaker associations with BMI at 2, 5, and 9 years. Correlations between adipokine levels over the 0–2, 2–5, and 5–9-year periods increased for both leptin (r = 0.06, 0.31 and 0.62) and adiponectin (r = 0.25, 0.41 and 0.46). Our mixture modeling approach identified three trajectory clusters for both leptin (1L [slowly-rising], 2L [rapidly-rising], and 3L [stable]) and adiponectin (1A [steep-dropping and rebounding], 2A [moderately-dropping], and 3A [stable]). While leptin groups were most separated over the 2–9-year period, adiponectin trajectories displayed greatest heterogeneity from birth to 2 years. Children in the rapidly-rising 2L group had highest BMI and waist circumference at 9 years. Further, children with greater birth weight had increased odds of belonging to this high risk group (OR = 1.21 95% CI 1.03, 1.43, compared to stable group 3L). Children whose mothers consumed more sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy were at risk of being in the steep-dropping 1A group (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01, 1.17, compared to stable group 3A).ConclusionOur results highlight developmental differences in leptin and adiponectin over the childhood period. Leptin closely reflects child body size however factors affecting adiponectin and long-term consequences of its changes over infancy need to be further explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Adiponectin and Leptin Trajectories in Mexican-American Children from Birth to 9 Years of Age

et al. 2013

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“…Adiposity increases with age, reaching Frisch's (Frisch and McArthur, 1974) ''critical fatness'' threshold of 22% by 15 years of age when leptin increases markedly. Boys, on the other hand, retain a fat level of about 10% and an extremely low leptin concentration throughout adolescence, suggesting that leptin is a more important signal of energy availability in females than in males in this population (Sharrock et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Weak correlations of leptin with adiposity in lean human males, in some marginally nourished populations, have raised questions about leptin's presumed role in the regulation of adiposity (Bribiescas, 2001;Kuzawa et al, 2007). For example, extremely low leptin levels have been reported for the Tsimané of lowland Bolivia (Sharrock et al, 2008). Leptin becomes increasingly coupled to fatness in girls in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this ''Absence of Protection'' model (Schwartz and Niswender, 2004), an energy dense diet results in obesity because no mechanisms have evolved to confront a situation (high leptin levels) that almost never occurred. For example, anthropologists have shown that the serum leptin levels are very low and unrelated to adiposity in lean males from nonWesternized human populations (Bribiescas, 2001;Lindgä rde et al, 2004;Kuzawa et al, 2007;Sharrock et al, 2008). U.S. Pima Indians following a Western lifestyle have four-fold higher leptin concentrations than Mexican Pima Indians living a more traditional lifestyle (Fox et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological and reproductive variance in serum leptin in wild vervet monkeys

Whitten

Turner

2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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Leptin was originally thought to be an antiobesity hormone, but increasing evidence suggests that its ancestral role was to mobilize neuroendocrine responses to starvation. Research on wild primates is critical for interpreting the high leptin values seen in Western human populations and captive animals. This study examined natural variation in serum leptin in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), testing the hypothesis that serum leptin in vervets varies with sex, adiposity, ecology, and reproductive state. Analyses made use of a unique dataset comprised of serum and morphometric measurements obtained from vervet monkeys in four Kenyan sites differing in altitude, temperature, rainfall, and access to human foods. Leptin and gonadal steroid concentrations were analyzed in serum samples from 116 adults. Low leptin levels in males and acyclic females support the contention that levels seen in captivity are not typical for wild primates. Measures of adiposity were not correlated with serum leptin, reflecting the extremely low fat storage in wild cercopithecine primates. Associations with habitat and season, however, indicate that leptin does register ecological variation in energy balance. Leptin levels were higher in sites and seasons with higher rainfall. Moreover, leptin varied significantly with reproductive state, with higher levels in pregnant than in acyclic females. Changes in leptin with gestation stage and duration of lactation suggest that transitory and reversible elevations were an important part of its ancestral role. These data show that in this wild primate population leptin is a sensitive index of natural variation in habitat and seasonally fluctuating reproductive state.

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“…Leptin values, which correlate with the amount of body fat present, are reported to increase in girls and decrease in boys after Tanner stage 2 as the pubertal developments proceeds [ 24 ]. Another study conducted in 2- to 5-year-old Tsimané children showed that the correlation between body fat and leptin increases markedly with advancing age in females [ 25 ]. The lower levels of leptin in boys may partly be explained by the suppressive effect of androgens in the boys [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in body mass index, leptin and adiponectin in Japanese children during a three-year follow-up period: a population-based cohort study

Nishimura

Sano

Matsudaira

et al. 2009

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Objective: The study examined changes in and relationship between body mass index (BMI), leptin and adiponectin levels over a 3-year period in a pediatric population-based cohort. Study design:A 3-year prospective cohort study of 268 boys and 251 girls aged 9-10 in Ina, Saitama, Japan.Results: Median body mass index (BMI) significantly increased from baseline (age 9-10) to follow up (age 12-13) in boys from 17.1 to 18.3 kg/m 2 (P < 0.001) and in girls from 16.5 to 18.5 kg/m 2 (P < 0.001), respectively. Adiponectin values significantly decreased from baseline to follow up in boys (13.5 to 8.9 μg/ml, respectively) (P < 0.001) and in girls (12.4 to 9.5 μg/ml, respectively) (P < 0.001). Leptin values at follow up significantly decreased from baseline in boys (4.9 to 2.3 ng/dl, respectively) (P < 0.001) and also in girls (5.3 to 5.1 ng/dl, respectively) (P = 0.049).A relatively strong correlation was seen in BMI (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.864, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.873, P < 0.001 in girls), adiponectin (r = 0.705, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.695, P < 0.001 in girls), and leptin (r = 0.449, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.610, P < 0.001 in girls) before and after the three-year period.The ratio of follow up to baseline BMI was negatively correlated with that for adiponectin (r = -0.224, P < 0.001 in boys; r = -0.165, P = 0.001 in girls) and positively correlated with that for leptin (r = 0.518, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.609, P < 0.001 in girls). Conclusion:This study demonstrated that baseline adiponectin, leptin and BMI values measured at ages 9-10 correlated with those measured three years later. However, adiponectin values decreased and leptin values increased in those subjects whose BMI increased during over this period.

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Developmental changes in the relationship between leptin and adiposity among Tsimané children and adolescents

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Adiponectin and Leptin Trajectories in Mexican-American Children from Birth to 9 Years of Age

Adiponectin and Leptin Trajectories in Mexican-American Children from Birth to 9 Years of Age

Ecological and reproductive variance in serum leptin in wild vervet monkeys

Changes in body mass index, leptin and adiponectin in Japanese children during a three-year follow-up period: a population-based cohort study

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