Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Baker, E. A.; Hunt, Grace M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb01750.x

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The comparison of surface characteristics of two types of leaf can be complicated by the existence of age-related changes in the amount of wax (Baker & Hunt, 1981), and also differences in the rate of foliar penetration, which have been shown using radioactive NAA (Baker & Hunt, 1981). However, in the case of cabbage, the difference in sensitivity to acidity was found between leaves and cotyledons at both their young and mature stages and appeared, therefore, to be largely independent of such ontogentic patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

Caporn

Hutchinson

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYBrassica oleracea L. (cabbage) was grown in glasshouse and controlled environments and exposed to simulated rains delivered as sprays at pH 5-6-2-8. A single rain treatment of pH 30 given to lOd old plants elicited a marked downward curvature in the cotyledons, occurring within the duration of the 30-min spray. Subsequent to this initial response, the cotyledon surface was extensively damaged. In contrast, the older 'true' leaves showed little or no injury after similar treatments. Estimates of the contact angles between rain droplets and leaf surfaces, and SEM studies of adaxial surfaces, indicated that the contrasting morphology of the epicuticular wax on cotyledons and leaves was a major factor determining the extent of acid rain damage. Simulated rain treatments of pH 32 and 28, starting at the cotyledons stage, reduced plant growth by 17 and 15% respectively over a 20 d period. However, the same treatments given at later stages in development when the ' true' leaves were predoininant, had no significant effect on growth. In the natural environment the occurrence of rate, highly acidic rain events during different stages of plant development may be an important determinant of the impact of rainfall on vegetation. The young, seedling stage of species, such as B. oleracea, in which cotyledons show poor development of surface wax, may be particularly vulnerable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

Caporn

Hutchinson

1986

New Phytologist

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“…However, the averaging of sampling over leaves of different ages, positions, and other characteristics within a stand of trees did allow for distinction from other stands, indicating that interspecies variation was larger than intraspecies variation (Dyson and Herbin, 1970). Baker and Hunt (1981) observed differences between the adaxial and abaxial parts of leaves for some of the plant species. Tulloch (1973) also observed variation in the leaf waxes of several Triticum species with age.…”

Section: Wax Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Giese (1975) observed a difference in the homologue dominance of n-alkanes between leaves of seedlings and mature barley plants. Herbin and Robins (1969), Dyson and Herbin (1970), Baker and Hunt (1981), and Zhang et al (2004) also identified increasing chain length dominance of leaf wax alkanes with increasing leaf age. However, the averaging of sampling over leaves of different ages, positions, and other characteristics within a stand of trees did allow for distinction from other stands, indicating that interspecies variation was larger than intraspecies variation (Dyson and Herbin, 1970).…”

Section: Wax Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and limitations related to the application of plant-derived lipid molecular proxies in soil science

Jansen

Wiesenberg

2017

SOIL

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Abstract. The application of lipids in soils as molecular proxies, also often referred to as biomarkers, has dramatically increased in the last decades. Applications range from inferring changes in past vegetation composition, climate, and/or human presence to unraveling the input and turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). The molecules used are extractable and non-extractable lipids, including ester-bound lipids. In addition, the carbon or hydrogen isotopic composition of such molecules is used. While holding great promise, the application of soil lipids as molecular proxies comes with several constraining factors, the most important of which are (i) variability in the molecular composition of plant-derived organic matter both internally and between individual plants, (ii) variability in (the relative contribution of) input pathways into the soil, and (iii) the transformation and/or (selective) degradation of (some of) the molecules once present in the soil. Unfortunately, the information about such constraining factors and their impact on the applicability of molecular proxies is fragmented and scattered. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical review of the current state of knowledge with respect to the applicability of molecular proxies in soil science, specifically focusing on the factors constraining such applicability. Variability in genetic, ontogenetic, and environmental factors influences plant n-alkane patterns in such a way that no unique compounds or specific molecular proxies pointing to, for example, plant community differences or environmental influences, exist. Other components, such as n-alcohols, n-fatty acids, and cutin-and suberin-derived monomers, have received far less attention in this respect. Furthermore, there is a high diversity of input pathways offering both opportunities and limitations for the use of molecular proxies at the same time. New modeling approaches might offer a possibility to unravel such mixed input signals. Finally, the transformation and turnover of SOM offer opportunities when tracing such processes is the purpose of applying a molecular proxy while imposing limitations when they obliterate the molecular proxy signals linked to other phenomena. For n-alkanes several modeling approaches have recently been developed to compensate for (selective) degradation. Still, such techniques are in their infancy and information about their applicability to classes of components other than n-alkanes is lacking. All constraining factors considered can have a significant influence on the applicability of molecular proxies in soil science. The degree of influence strongly depends on the type of molecular proxy and the environmental context in which it is applied. However, the potential impact of the constraining factors should always explicitly be addressed whenever molecular proxies are applied in a soil scientific context. More importantly, there is still a serious lack of available information, in particular for compound classes other than the n-alkanes. Therefore, we...

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“…Garg & Varshney (1980) comentaram que variedades de Petunia resistentes à poluição possuem maior densidade de tricomas. Baker & Hunt (1981) relataram que características superficiais como tricomas, cutículas e cera são importantes para determinar a capacidade de umedecimento, a permeabilidade, a penetração e as trocas das plantas com a atmosfera.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Ação do flúor dissolvido em chuva simulada sobre a estrutura foliar de Panicum maximum jacq. (colonião) e Chloris gayana kunth. (capim-rhodes) - Poaceae

et al. 2002

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RESUMO -(Ação do flúor dissolvido em chuva simulada sobre a estrutura foliar de Panicum maximum jacq. (colonião) e Chloris gayana kunth. (capim-rhodes) -Poaceae) Panicum maximum e Chloris gayana foram submetidas à chuvas simuladas com soluções de fluoreto de potássio (15mg ml -1 ) com objetivo de identificar as injúrias causadas pelo flúor (F -), como poluente atmosférico, na estrutura da lâmina foliar e fornecer subsídios para a seleção de características diagnósticas a serem utilizadas na bioindicação. Os principais sintomas foram clorose e necrose, principalmente no ápice e margens das lâminas. Nos cortes transversais, quatro tipos de alterações causadas pelo flúor são relacionadas: redução do número, tamanho e arranjo dos cloroplastos; necrose dos tecidos principalmente nas margens das folhas; erosões na superfície da folha e hipertrofia das células. Em C. gayana, no entanto, não foram observadas as alterações nos cloroplastos e os outros sintomas foram bem mais discretos que em P. maximum. A ocorrência de compostos fenólicos foi registrada pela coloração com fucsina em todas as regiões da lâmina onde foram observadas lesões. Ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura foi observado o achatamento e formação de concavidades nas paredes externas das células. Este experimento confirma a maior sensibilidade de P. maximum ao flúor e revela algumas características anatômicas de C. gayana que, entre outros fatores, podem estar contribuindo para a maior resistência desta espécie a este poluente.Palavras-chave -Anatomia, Poaceae, bioindicadores, flúor, poluição ABSTRACT -(The action of dissolved fluoride in artificial rain on leaf structure of Panicum maximum Jacq. (colonião) and Chloris gayana Kunth. (capim-rhodes) -Poaceae) P. maximum and C. gayana were treated with potassium fluoride artificial rain (15 mg ml -1 ) to identify injury caused by fluoride (F -), as an atmospheric pollutent, on the leaf structure of these two species, providing diagnostics characteristics for plant selection to be used as

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Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

Opportunities and limitations related to the application of plant-derived lipid molecular proxies in soil science

Ação do flúor dissolvido em chuva simulada sobre a estrutura foliar de Panicum maximum jacq. (colonião) e Chloris gayana kunth. (capim-rhodes) - Poaceae

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