Developmental Changes in Five Illusions Measured by the Up-and-Down Method

Hanley, Charles; Zerbolio, Dominic J.

doi:10.2307/1126467

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…If coughing, retch or purposeful movements did not occur, which defined as nonresponsive , the subsequent target plasma concentration of propofol was decreased by 0.5 μg/mL. This was called the up‐and‐down method of Dixon, described in 1965 16 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial

Yang

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Aims Propofol may result in hypotension, bradycardia and loss of protective reflexes, especially in elderly patients, while esketamine, a N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, has analgesic, anaesthetic and sympathomimetic properties and is known to cause less cardiorespiratory depression. We hypothesized that esketamine may reduce the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol and coadministration is less likely to produce hypotension during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. Methods Ninety elderly patients, aged 65–89 years, undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned into 3 groups: SK0 (control) group (0 mg/kg esketamine); SK0.25 group (0.25 mg/kg esketamine); and SK0.5 group (0.5 mg/kg esketamine). Anaesthesia was achieved by plasma target‐controlled infusion of propofol with different bolus doses of esketamine. The EC50 of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy was determined by using the up‐and‐down method of Dixon. The initial plasma target concentration is 2.5 μg/mL and the adjacent concentration gradient is 0.5 μg/mL. Cardiovascular variables were also measured. Results Propofol EC50s and its 95% confidence interval for gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients were 3.69 (2.59–4.78), 2.45 (1.85–3.05) and 1.71 (1.15–2.27) μg/mL in the SK0, SK0.25 and SK0.5 groups, respectively (P < .05). The average percent change from baseline mean arterial pressure was −19.7 (7.55), −15.2 (7.14) and −10.1 (6.73), in the SK0, SK0.25 and SK0.5 groups, respectively (P < .001). Conclusion Combination medication of propofol with esketamine reduced the propofol EC50 during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients compared with administration of propofol without esketamine. Increasing doses of SK with propofol are less likely to produce hypotension with shorter recovery time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial

Yang

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Data gathered by means of the group version of the up-and-down psychophysical method do not necessarily contradict what is obtained by other methods; our studies dovetail nicely. Hanley and Zerbolio (1965) point out the host of salutary features favoring the collection of a single trial per illusion display per child. Since a child's attention span is short, and he is less likely than an adult to understand what is required, the briefness of the task and the simplicity of the instructions favor the method.…”

Section: Subexperiments IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Coming of age with the Delboeuf illusion: Brightness contrast, cognition, and perceptual development.

Weintraub

Cooper²

1972

Developmental Psychology

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The Delboeuf (concentric circle) illusion was presented to 240 subjects distributed across five age groups, 5 years through college. Illusory effects (assimilation) declined with increasing age. Within each age group (a) reducing the brightness (reflectance) contrast of the test circle increased illusion magnitudes, (b) reducing the reflectance contrast of the inducing circle diminished them, and (c) an equal reduction in the reflectance contrast of both circles increased illusion magnitudes. Variants of the Titchener-circle (nonconcentric Delboeuf, arc Delboeuf) illusion were also presented in order to confront the cognitive hypotheses of Piaget; results were reliable but only partially confirming.Recent theories of geometrical visual illusions have been addressed, on the one hand, to the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying contour displacements (e.g., Ganz, 1966aGanz, , 1966b) and, on the other hand, to cognitively oriented process variables such as misapplied constancy scaling (Gregory, 1968) and the influence of adaptation level on size-distance comparisons (Merryman & Restle, 1970). The most integrative approaches are to be found in the child development literature, and the study to be described was designed to explore developmental theories of perception by means of

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“…1b), a geometrical illusion wherein a pair of converging lines distorts the perception of two identically sized lines. The illusion effect has been to shown to increase with age (Hanley & Zerbolio, 1965). When tracked throughout the lifespan in participants aged 3.5-88 years, it increased rapidly up to about age 13 years, after which it remained stable through to age 50 years and then decreased markedly (Leibowitz & Judisch, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

Hadad

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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This study examined the development of the utilization of contextual information in visuospatial integration during childhood. We examined four contextual size illusions in children and adults asking whether young children's sensitivity to context is reduced or varies with the perceptual mechanisms or the levels of integration involved. We tested susceptibility to contextual illusions in four-year-olds, seven-year-olds, and adults, employing two psychophysical paradigms, perceptual estimation and a 2AFC discrimination task. We tested susceptibility to Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusions to estimate the effect of the interaction of object size with its contextual background on the rescaling of its perceived size; we also tested susceptibility to the rectangle and 3D-cube illusions to estimate the effect of the interaction of two dimensions of the target object on the rescaling of its perceived size. While four-year-olds were affected by the Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusions, they showed no susceptibility to the rectangle or 3D-cube illusion. The results show that, overall, sensitivity to context is not reduced in early childhood; rather, it varies with the perceptual mechanisms or the levels of integration involved. In particular, development is protracted for size illusions in which contextual effects entail the extraction of the relations of dimensions within an object.

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Developmental Changes in Five Illusions Measured by the Up-and-Down Method

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial

The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial

Coming of age with the Delboeuf illusion: Brightness contrast, cognition, and perceptual development.

Developmental trends in susceptibility to perceptual illusions: Not all illusions are created equal

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