Developmental Changes in Eye-Blink Conditioning and Neuronal Activity in the Inferior Olive

Nicholson, Daniel A.; Freeman, John H.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-21-08218.2000

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…A detailed description of the apparatus has been published (Nicholson and Freeman, 2000). Briefly, conditioning occurred within small-animal operant chambers (BRS/LVE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid modulation of memory consolidation within the cerebellum

Steinmetz

Freeman

2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Cannabinoid receptors contribute to learning and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. The cerebellum contains a high density of cannabinoid receptors and manipulations of cannabinoid receptors affect synaptic plasticity within the cerebellar cortex. In vivo studies have found that cannabinoid agonists impair learning of cerebellum-dependent eyeblink conditioning in rodents and humans. However, the role of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoids in memory consolidation within the cerebellum has not been examined. In the current study, we examined the role of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids during learning and consolidation of eyeblink conditioning in rats. Administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 or drugs that increase/decrease endocannabinoid levels directly into the cerebellar cortex before each training session resulted in marked learning impairments. When administered 1 hr after each training session, during memory consolidation, the cannabinoid inverse agonist SR141716A or the endocannabinoid suppressor THL impaired memory. In contrast, increasing endocannabinoid levels with JZL-184 or infusion of WIN55,212-2 within the cerebellar cortex facilitated memory consolidation 1 hr post-training. Intracerebellar manipulations of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoid levels had no effect on memory consolidation when administered 3 or 6 hr after each training session. The results demonstrate that cannabinoids impair cerebellar learning, but facilitate memory consolidation mechanisms within the cerebellar cortex 1– 3 hr after training.

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“…A detailed description of the apparatus has been published (Nicholson and Freeman, 2000). Briefly, conditioning occurred within small-animal operant chambers (BRS/LVE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid modulation of memory consolidation within the cerebellum

Steinmetz

Freeman

2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…Surgery-Rats were fitted with electromyogram (EMG) and neuronal recording electrodes and a bipolar US electrode as described previously 16,27 . Treatment of the animals and surgical procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines and were approved by the University of Iowa Animal Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of inhibition in the olivocerebellar system and the ontogeny of a motor memory

Nicholson

Freeman

2003

Nat Neurosci

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The developmental emergence of learning has traditionally been attributed to the maturation of single brain regions necessary for learning in adults, rather than to the maturation of synaptic interactions within neural systems. Acquisition and retention of a simple form of motor learning, classical conditioning of the eyeblink reflex, depends on the cerebellum and interconnected brainstem structures, including the inferior olive. Here, we combined unit recordings from Purkinje cells in eye regions of the cerebellar cortex and quantitative electron microscopy of the inferior olive to show that the developmental emergence of eyeblink conditioning in rats is associated with the maturation of inhibitory feedback from the cerebellum to the inferior olive. The results are consistent with previous work in adult animals and indicate that the maturation of cerebellar inhibition within the inferior olive may be a critical factor for the formation and retention of learning-specific cerebellar plasticity and eyeblink conditioning.

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“…In recent years, the rat has become an important model system for studying dry eye (Fujihara et al 2001), sensory processing in the trigeminal nucleus (Meng et al 1997(Meng et al , 2000, basic mechanisms of motor learning (Weiss et al 1991;Pellegrini and Evinger 1997;Powers et al 1997;Nicholson and Freeman 2000;Schicatano et al 2000) and blepharospasm . Interpretation and further development of these models is dependent on a complete description of rat eyelid and corneal innervation, particularly as it pertains to blinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blink-related sensorimotor anatomy in the rat

Gong

Zhou

LeDoux

2003

Anatomy and Embryology

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Protection of the eye and maintenance of the precorneal tear film depend on sensory innervation of the cornea and eyelids and motor innervation of muscles involved in closing and opening the eyes. Using a variety of fluorescent and transganglionic tracers, the sensorimotor innervation of blink-related orbital and periorbital structures was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. The orbicularis oculi muscle surrounded the entire palpebral fissure and was innervated by motoneurons located along the dorsal cap of the ipsilateral facial motor nucleus. Upper and lower eyelid orbicularis oculi motoneurons were strictly ipsilateral and co-extensive, but upper eyelid orbicularis oculi motoneurons were, on average, slightly rostral and lateral to lower eyelid orbicularis oculi motoneurons. Facial motoneurons supplying the frontoscutularis, a muscle that helps to elevate the upper eyelid, were located in the medial division of the ipsilateral facial motor nucleus. Presumptive type Abeta afferents from the cornea terminated most prominently at the junction of the first cervical segment and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, pars caudalis. There was a second concentration of corneal terminations at the junction of pars caudalis and pars interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Sparse projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus, pars oralis and the principal trigeminal nucleus were also detected. Presumptive type Abeta afferents from the eyelids terminated throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the spinal trigeminal nucleus with a heavy concentration within laminae III and IV of the first cervical segment. Presumptive types Adelta and C terminals from the eyelids were virtually limited to laminae I and II of the first cervical segment. Central terminations from the frontal nerve were present in the principal trigeminal nucleus and throughout the spinal trigeminal nucleus, but were most prominent within the dorsal horn of the first cervical segment. Our comprehensive description of blink-related sensorimotor anatomy in rats will provide a foundation for future physiological studies of blinking.

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Developmental Changes in Eye-Blink Conditioning and Neuronal Activity in the Inferior Olive

Cited by 28 publications

References 87 publications

Cannabinoid modulation of memory consolidation within the cerebellum

Cannabinoid modulation of memory consolidation within the cerebellum

Addition of inhibition in the olivocerebellar system and the ontogeny of a motor memory

Blink-related sensorimotor anatomy in the rat

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