Developmental changes in episodic memory across early- to mid-childhood: insights from a latent longitudinal approach

Canada, Kelsey L.; Hancock, Gregory R.; Riggins, Tracy

doi:10.1080/09658211.2021.2006233

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Researchers in the field of the developmental neuroscience of memory discussed this topic during a recent conference roundtable and have been actively working toward making this a reality (Riggins, 2019). In addition, utilizing factor analysis or structural equation modeling to estimate latent measures of memory from several memory tasks would be informative as results would not rely on a single task (Canada et al, 2021b). Measured variables inherently have noise associated with them, and using a latent construct not only allows for including multiple indicators of episodic memory, but also reduces measurement error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study offers an assessment of three factors, but additional dimensions of memory task type should be explored in greater detail. Therefore, although this meta-analysis does not provide strong evidence regarding the importance of task type in understanding the association between hippocampal volume and memory, the use of more reliable and similar tasks in future research is still important and could aid in our further understanding of these associations (see Canada et al, 2021b for further discussion of this issue).…”

Section: Impact Of Memory Task Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents

2022

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Memory is supported by a network of brain regions, with the hippocampus serving a critical role in this cognitive process. Previous meta‐analyses on the association between hippocampal structure and memory have largely focused on adults. Multiple studies have since suggested that hippocampal volume is related to memory performance in children and adolescents; however, the strength and direction of this relation varies across reports, and thus, remains unclear. To further understand this brain–behavior relation, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between hippocampal volume (assessed as total volume) and memory during typical development. Across 25 studies and 61 memory outcomes with 1357 participants, results showed a small, but significant, positive association between total hippocampal volume and memory performance. Estimates of the variability across studies in the relation between total volume and memory were not explained by differences in memory task type (delayed vs. immediate; relational vs. nonrelational), participant age range, or the method of normalization of hippocampal volumes. Overall, findings suggest that larger total hippocampal volume relates to better memory performance in children and adolescents and that this relation is similar across the memory types and age ranges assessed. To facilitate enhanced generalization across studies in the future, we discuss considerations for the field moving forward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Memory Task Typementioning

confidence: 99%

A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents

2022

Self Cite

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“…Central to many studies that employ SEM is the question of whether a specific parameter in a model (e.g., strength of a specific correlation or the slope parameter in a latent regression model) is different from a given value (e.g. Canada et al, 2021). Imagine that a researcher aims to test whether the correlation between two latent constructs significantly differs from zero.…”

Section: Statistical Power To Detect a Specific Effect Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Statistical Power for Structural Equation Models in Developmental Cognitive Science: A Tutorial in R

Buchberger¹,

Ngo²,

Brandmaier³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Determining the compositional structure and dimensionality of psychological constructs lies at the heart of many research questions in developmental science. Structural equation modelling (SEM) provides a versatile framework for formalizing and estimating the relationships among multiple latent constructs. While the flexibility of SEM can accommodate many complex assumptions on the underlying structure of psychological constructs, it makes a-priori estimation of statistical power and required sample size challenging. This difficulty is magnified when comparing non-nested SEMs, which prevents the use of the likelihood-ratio test. Sample size estimates for SEM model fit comparisons typically rely on generic rules of thumb. Such heuristics can be misleading because statistical power in SEM depends on a variety of model properties. Here, we demonstrate a Monte Carlo simulation approach for estimating a-priori statistical power for non-nested model comparisons in an SEM framework. We provide a step-by-step guide to this approach based on an example from our memory development research in children.

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“…The transition from early to middle childhood is characterized by fundamental changes in the ability to form episodic memories (Canada et al, 2021) and extract generalized knowledge (Ngo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Development Of Generalization and Memory Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in generalization, memory specificity and their overnight fate in childhood

Buchberger¹,

Joechner²,

Ngo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Adaptive memories are formed in the face of a fundamental tension: extracting commonalities across experiences to generate novel inferences (i.e., generalization), while simultaneously forming separate representations of similar events (i.e., memory specificity). Theoretical memory models suggest that specific experiences are initially encoded as hippocampus-dependent episodic memories and slowly become amenable to generalization through consolidation. Post-learning sleep facilitates such consolidation processes. However, generalization can also occur rapidly during wakefulness. Contemporary models propose that rapid generalization relies on the retrieval of specific episodes. In a sample of 141 four- to eight-year-old children, we investigated whether (i) age differentially relates to generalization and memory specificity, (ii) generalization is contingent on different aspects of past experiences, and (iii) the effect of a sleep-filled delay on generalization and memory specificity differs across age. We found age-related differences in generalization and memory specificity, with improvements with age being more pronounced in generalization than in memory specificity. Unlike prior evidence in adults, children’s generalization success was contingent on retrieving specific object conceptual properties and on inter-object semantic proximity, but not on perceptual attributes or surrounding contexts. Further, older children were more likely to retain general and specific aspects of memory after an overnight delay. However, age-related gains differed across memory functions: Compared to younger children, older children showed greater gains in generalized, but not in specific memories. These findings reveal those aspects of past experiences upon which children draw when creating inferences, and suggest that the effects of sleep on generalization and memory specificity interact with age.

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Developmental changes in episodic memory across early- to mid-childhood: insights from a latent longitudinal approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents

A meta‐analysis of the relation between hippocampal volume and memory ability in typically developing children and adolescents

Estimating Statistical Power for Structural Equation Models in Developmental Cognitive Science: A Tutorial in R

Age differences in generalization, memory specificity and their overnight fate in childhood

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