Developmental changes in clearance of intravenous doses of glucose, acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate from plasma of calves

Benschop, D.L.; Cant, J.P.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.08.011

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To characterize digestive tract development before and after weaning, rumen fluid was collected on d 35, 49, and 63 (±1 d) using a Geishauser probe designed specifically for calves, as described by Benschop and Cant (2009), at 1100 h. Ruminal pH was immediately determined using a handheld pH meter that was calibrated before every reading (pH 310, Oakton Instruments, Vernon Hills, IL). Rumen fluid samples were collected and preserved for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis by mixing 5 mL of rumen fluid with 1 mL of 0.06 M HCl.…”

Section: Rumen Fluid Fecal Matter and Blood Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Eckert

Brown

Leslie

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

144

150

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Recent research has revealed potential advantages of feeding an elevated plane of nutrition to calves during the preweaning period. However, calves fed more nutrients preweaning may be more susceptible to depressed growth and weaning stress during the transition from liquid to solid feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the age of weaning and feed intake, and its influence on growth, gastrointestinal development, and behavioral indicators in dairy calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning period. To meet this objective, 20 female Holstein calves were randomly assigned at birth to be weaned at 6 or 8 wk. Milk replacer (mixed at 150 g/L) was offered at 1.2 kg/calf per day in 2 meals until a 1-wk step-down, when meals were reduced by 50% 1 wk before weaning. Daily starter, chopped oat straw, water intake, and weekly body weights were measured until d 70 of life. To assess digestive tract development, rumen fluid, fecal, and blood samples were taken before and after weaning (d 35, 49, and 63) and analyzed for ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, respectively. Behavioral indicators of weaning stress, including vocalizing and non-nutritive oral behavior, were measured by visual observation for 1 h, 3 times per week, before the second feeding of the day during the period from 2 wk before weaning to 2 wk after weaning. The calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher average daily gain for the week preweaning (0.79±0.09 vs. 0.34±0.10 kg/d) and postweaning (1.05±0.09 vs. 0.35±0.11 kg/d), and were heavier at d 70 (99.9±1.81 vs. 91.0±2.26 kg). From 5 to 8 wk of age, starter and water intakes were lower in calves weaned at 8 wk of age. However, overall starter intake did not differ during the last week of the experiment. Furthermore, calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher starter intake for 1 wk preweaning (1.36±0.13 vs. 0.40±0.08 kg/d) and postweaning (2.51±0.20 vs. 1.16±0.15 kg/d). In both treatments, weaning increased ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, yet the differences between the week before and after weaning were greater for calves weaned at 6 wk compared with those weaned at 8 wk. Treatment × week relative to weaning interactions indicated that several behaviors varied between early- and later-weaned calves during the week before weaning; calves weaned at 6 wk tended to exhibit 75% more non-nutritive oral behavior and spent 55% less time ruminating, and 36% less time lying compared with calves weaned at 8 wk. Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition preweaning have higher starter intakes and average daily gain during the weaning period when weaning is extended from 6 to 8 wk of age.

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Section: Rumen Fluid Fecal Matter and Blood Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Eckert

Brown

Leslie

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

144

150

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“…To assess ruminal fermentation, ruminal fluid was analyzed for pH and VFA concentration. Ruminal pH was collected using a Geishauser probe (Geishauser, 1993;Duffield et al, 2004) 3 to 4 h after the morning feeding (1000 h), as described by Benschop and Cant (2009). Ruminal fluid was immediately acidified in 0.6 M HCl, placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until analysis.…”

Section: Ruminal Ph and Vfa Blood Bhb And Fecal Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrupt weaning reduces postweaning growth and is associated with alterations in gastrointestinal markers of development in dairy calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning period

Steele

Doelman²,

Leal

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The benefits of feeding elevated quantities of milk to dairy calves have been well established. However, there is a reluctance to adopt this method of feeding in commercial dairy production because of concerns around growth, health, and ruminal development during weaning. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of an abrupt (0 d step-down) or gradual (12 d step-down) feeding scheme when calves are fed an elevated plane of nutrition (offered 1.35 kg of milk replacer/d). For this experiment, a total of 54 calves were randomly assigned to an abrupt or a gradual weaning protocol before weaning at 48 d of life. Calves were housed and sampled in individual pens for the duration of the experiment, and milk, starter, and straw intake were measured on a daily basis. Body weight was measured every 6 d, whereas blood, rumen fluid, and fecal samples were collected on d 36 (pre-step-down), 48 (preweaning), and 54 (postweaning) of the experiment. Although the growth rates of the step-down calves were lower from d 37 to weaning (0.62 ± 0.04 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04 kg/d), the postweaning average daily gain was greater compared with the group that was abruptly weaned (0.83 ± 0.06 vs. 0.22 ± 0.06 kg/d). Total ruminal volatile fatty acid was greater in the step-down group on the day of weaning (d 48; 59.80 ± 2.25 vs. 45.01 ± 2.25 mmol), whereas the fecal starch percentage was lower during postweaning compared with the abruptly weaned calves (d 54; 3.31 ± 0.76 vs. 6.34 ± 0.76%). Analysis of the digestive tract of bull calves on d 55 revealed minimal differences between gross anatomy measurements of gut compartments as well as no morphological differences in rumen papillae development, yet the total mass of rumen when full of contents was larger in the step-down calves (7.83 ± 0.78 vs. 6.02 ± 0.78 kg). Under the conditions of this study, the results showcase the benefits of a step-down feeding strategy from an overall energy balance standpoint, due to increased adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract preweaning.

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“…In the present study, early and late weaned calves exhibited higher fasting blood glucose than post-fed values after the 9th and 11th week, respectively. Benschop and Cant (2009) reported that glucose remained the primary energy source in Holstein calves up to the age of week 8. Cheema et al (2016) reported that in Sahiwal calves fasting blood glucose became higher than post-fed level in the 10th and 11th weeks, while calves were weaned in the 8th and 12th weeks, respectively.…”

Section: Blood Glucose and B-hydroxy Butyric Acid (Bhba)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weaning age and milk feeding volume on growth performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves

Abbas

Bhatti

Khan

et al. 2017

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of early or late weaned Nili-Ravi buffalo calves offered feeding regimes of low or high milk volumes. For this purpose, 48-day-old buffalo calves were randomly allocated to four treatments of twelve calves each. Calves were weaned either at day 56 (early weaned) or 84 (late weaned). Within each weaning age calves were offered milk at either 10% (low milk) or 15% (high milk) of their body weight. Early weaned calves were offered milk adjusted weekly until day 35; the calculated milk intake at day 35 was reduced by one-third in each of the last two weeks leading to the weaning of the calves at day 56. Late weaned calves were offered milk, adjusted weekly, until day 63 and weaned at day 84 by decreasing milk by one-third each week for the last two weeks. At week sixteen, late weaned calves had higher body weight and average daily gain than early weaned calves (p < .05). These same measurements were also higher in the high milk than the low milk fed calves (p < .05). Highest body weight and average daily gain was recorded in high milk late weaned calves and poorest in low milk early weaned calves. Early weaning or low milk volumes minimised the feeding costs, however, resulted in lower body weights and average daily gains. Thus, choices of pre-weaning feeding regimen should be made with feeding cost and performance of replacement calves kept in mind.

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Developmental changes in clearance of intravenous doses of glucose, acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate from plasma of calves

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Abrupt weaning reduces postweaning growth and is associated with alterations in gastrointestinal markers of development in dairy calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning period

Effect of weaning age and milk feeding volume on growth performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves

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