Developmental changes and regional variation in the ganglioside composition of the rat hippocampus

Irwin, Louis N.; Irwin, Carol C.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(82)90193-6

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Numerous reports have been published on the relationship between GSL expression and cellular events in the development of the vertebrate nervous system, including that of humans (10,12,(15)(16)(17) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Gsls In Developing Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of glycosphingolipid metabolism in the developing brain

Nakatani

Yanagisawa

2009

Journal of Lipid Research

222

182

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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphipathic lipids ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells and body fluids, but they are especially abundant in the nervous system. The synthesis of GSLs generally is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum and completed in the Golgi apparatus, followed by transportation to the plasma membrane surface as an integral component. The amount and expression patterns of GSLs change drastically in brains during the embryonic to postnatal stages. Recent studies have revealed that GSLs are highly localized in cell surface microdomains and function as important components that mediate signal transduction and cell adhesion. Also in developing brains, GSLs are suggested to play important roles in nervous system formation. Disturbance of GSL expression and metabolism affects brain function, resulting in a variety of diseases, particularly lysosomal storage diseases. In this review, we describe some aspects of the roles of GSLs, especially of gangliosides, in brain development. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphipathic molecules composed of a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain and a hydrophobic ceramide moiety that contains a sphingosine and a FA residue (1). GSLs containing one or more sialic acid residues in the carbohydrate chain are referred to as gangliosides. Based on the sequences of the core carbohydrate residues, GSLs are classified into a number of series, including gala-, ganglio-, isoganglio-, lacto-, neolacto-, lactoganglio-, globo-, isoglobo-, and muco-series.

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Section: Functional Roles Of Gsls In Developing Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of glycosphingolipid metabolism in the developing brain

Nakatani

Yanagisawa

2009

Journal of Lipid Research

222

182

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“…Qualitative and quantitative changes in glycosphingolipids expression during neurodevelopment, have been presented (Irwin and Irwin 1982; Yu et al. 1988; Svennerholm et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cell surface sphingolipid glycohydrolases in neuronal differentiation and aging in culture

Aureli

Loberto

Lanteri

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurochemistry

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J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 891–899. Abstract Qualitative and quantitative changes in glycosphingolipids, together with changes in the expression of the corresponding glycosyltransferases, have been reported along neuronal differentiation and aging. Plasma membrane (PM) glycosphingolipid pattern and content are the result of a complex network of metabolic pathways, including those potentially involving the activity of PM glycohydrolases. We analyzed the total cell activities of sialyltransferase I, II and IV, sialidase, β‐galactosidase and β‐glucosidase, and the PM‐associated activities of sialidase Neu3, β‐galactosidase, Conduritol B Epoxide‐sensitive β‐glucosidase and β‐glucosidase GBA2 in rat cerebellar granule cells along differentiation and aging in culture. Sialyltransferase activities increased during cell differentiation, in agreement with the known increase of the total ganglioside content during neuronal maturation. The remodeling of ganglioside pattern could be because of the augmented activities of total sialidase and, within PM, to the action of the cell surface associated sialidase Neu3. Sialidase activities remained high during aging, in agreement with the known progressive ganglioside reduction in brain senescence. As PM β‐galactosidase and β‐glucosidase activities and parallely ceramide levels markedly increased along in vitro aging, PM ceramide production in neurons might be because of local catabolism of glycosphingolipids and not only to that of sphingomyelin, as already reported in human fibroblasts.

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“…43, 979-989 (1984). elination (Suzuki, 1965;Vanier et al, 1971; Merat and Dickerson, 1973;Dreyfus et al, 1975;Rosner, 1977Rosner, , 1980aRosner, , 1982Hakomori, 1981;Irwin and Irwin, 1982). In the adult nervous system (and extraneural tissues) individual gangliosides have been suggested to play a role as membrane-bound receptors or coreceptors for toxins, drugs, viruses, hormones, transmitters, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Topographical Atlas of the Gangliosides of the Adult Human Brain

Kračun

Rösner

Ćosović

et al. 1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Forty different brain samples, consisting of neocortical, archicortical, and paleocortical areas; telencephalic, diencephalic, and mesencephalic subcortical nuclei; and the cerebellum as well as some of the corresponding white matter bundles were analyzed with respect to total content of ganglioside-sialic acid and the ganglioside pattern. The total content of gangliosides seems to depend mainly on the proportions of gray and white matter. Thus, neocortical areas, which are rich in gray matter, have a four- to fivefold higher ganglioside content (per milligram of protein) than white matter-rich samples such as optic chiasm, capsula interna, or corpus callosum. White matter-rich regions, although very heterogeneous in ganglioside composition, are further characterized by appreciable amounts of the myelin-enriched GM4. In the neocortex a remarkable degree of regional pattern differences was revealed. In the frontal and parietal areas there is a moderate, and in the temporal region a strong preponderance of sialic acid bound to gangliosides of the a-pathway (GD1a, GM1). In contrast, the occipital cortex favors the b-pathway of ganglioside synthesis (GQ1b, GT1b, GD1b). A predominance of "b-gangliosides" was found in all structures that are related to the visual system (optic chiasm, pulvinar-thalamus, superior colliculi, visual cortex) as well as in the cerebellum and the nucleus ruber. All diencephalic nuclei tend to favor slightly "b-gangliosides," while the mesencephalic nuclei are very heterogeneous in their ganglioside composition. A preponderance of "a-gangliosides" was found in the periamygdalar cortex, putamen, inferior colliculi, substantia nigra, frontal white matter, internal capsule, globus pallidus, basal nucleus of Meynert, and corpus callosum as well as in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. An exceptional predominance of GM1 and GD1a was revealed for the hippocampal archicortex and the amygdala, suggesting a possible functional correlation to glutaminergic synaptic transmission.

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Developmental changes and regional variation in the ganglioside composition of the rat hippocampus

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

The role of glycosphingolipid metabolism in the developing brain

The role of glycosphingolipid metabolism in the developing brain

Cell surface sphingolipid glycohydrolases in neuronal differentiation and aging in culture

Topographical Atlas of the Gangliosides of the Adult Human Brain

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