Developmental change of visuo-spatial working memory in children: Quantitative evaluation through an Advanced Trail Making Test

Kokubo, Naomi; Inagaki, Masumi; Gunji, Atsuko; Kobayashi, Tomoka; Ohta, Hidenobu; Kajimoto, Osami; Kaga, Makiko

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.001

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The applications of cognitive assessments can be combined with other technologies, such as smartphone and video conferencing, and the feasibility of remote assessment has been verified [ 24 ]. Recently, the next generation applications take advantage of touch sensors and mobile technology [ 25 , 30 ]. They have been applied to exploring behavioral indices and quantitative measurements of perturbed cognitive processes [ 25 , 26 , 30 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the next generation applications take advantage of touch sensors and mobile technology [ 25 , 30 ]. They have been applied to exploring behavioral indices and quantitative measurements of perturbed cognitive processes [ 25 , 26 , 30 , 47 ]. Other possibility includes real-time and remote behavioral monitoring of cognitive and motor function in the elderly [ 26 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT) was developed for neurocognitive assessment and training in 2015 [ 28 ]. It was inspired by the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT), Stroop test, and Reverse Stroop test [ 25 , 30 ]. These tasks aim to evaluate the function of visuospatial working memory, executive function, and interference inhibition quantitatively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trail making test (TMT) is a well-known for investigating cognitive performance that depends on executive function (EF), specifically, sustained attention and set-shifting. Recently, advanced trail making test (ATMT) has been developed for quantitative evaluation of visuo-spatial working memory [ 25 ]. In the ATMT, we use touch sensor screen instead of paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been unclear thought whether these assessments can be completely self-administered by any person [ 20 – 24 ]. Some studies have investigated a novel model or isolated components of cognitive processes [ 25 , 26 ]. Better assessment strategies would be beneficial both to patients and physicians, potentially minimizing sample size needed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by capturing subtler changes during asymptomatic disease stages [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new device-aided cognitive function test, User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT), sensitively detects neuropsychological performance in patients with dementia and Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2018

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BackgroundA newer generation neuropsychological tests can take advantage of touch screen and mobile technology. We have developed a new Android application termed “User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT)” for neurocognitive assessment and training. This study investigated the utility, including the reliability and the validity, of the UX-TMT as a screening test for cognitive decline in adults.MethodsA total of 84 individuals aged 27–86 years were divided into three groups; healthy controls ([HC] n = 29), people with Parkinson’s disease (PD; n = 28), and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (MCI&D; n = 27). We examined the distributions of the scores and the time required, and the effects of age and group on these distributions. We analyzed internal consistency and convergent validity in all samples and applied receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine a cutoff score that could differentiate the MCI & D group from the HC group.Results97.6% of the participants completed all of the tasks, and the average total test time required for UX-TMT was 428.8 (± 109.1) s in the HC, 542.0 (± 168.7) s in the PD, and 777.5 (± 256.1) s in the MCI&D groups, respectively. The MCI&D group showed significantly lower UX-TMT scores and longer total time in completing the task than the HC group. In an ROC analysis, a score of 21 showed high sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.92), and the UX-TMT score plus age improved sensitivity to .96. Additionally, the UX-TMT scores showed significant correlation with the Mini-Mental State Examination (Japanese version) scores (r = .77, p = .001), and Cronbach’s alpha (.71–.83) indicated acceptable internal consistency.ConclusionThe UX-TMT demonstrated high reliability and validity to detect cognitive decline in Japanese adults, highlighting its utility as a screening tool for epidemiological and clinical research.

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