Developmental Change of Facilitative Glucose Transporter Expression in Rat Embryonal and Fetal Intestine

Matsumoto, Kazunari; Takao, Yukio; Akazawa, Shoichi; Yano, Mototake; Uotani, Shigeo; Kawasaki, Eiji; Takino, Hirofumi; Yamasaki, Hironori; Okuno, Shinichiro; Yamaguchi, Yu; Nagataki, Shigenobu

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1763

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Our immunohistochemistry results confirm previous findings (Smith and Gridley 1992;Maeda et al 1993;Matsumoto et al 1993;Takao et al 1993;Trocino et al 1994;Matsumoto et al 1995) of widespread expression of Glut-1 throughout rodent embryonic tissues during organogenesis. Previous studies in mice (Hogan et al 1991;Smith and Gridley 1992) have examined embryonic Glut-1 mRNA expression, but no previous work has focused on Glut-1 protein expression within the developing heart or attempted to compare its expression between stages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Glut-1 expression and its response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic mouse heart

Smoak¹,

Branch

2000

Anatomy and Embryology

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The embryonic heart depends on glucose during early organogenesis. Glut-1 functions in constitutive glucose uptake in adult tissues and is the predominant glucose transporter in embryonic and fetal tissues. This study focuses on Glut-1 expression in the heart during normal organogenesis using immunohistochemistry for Glut-1 distribution, Western analysis for Glut-1 protein levels, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for Glut-1 mRNA levels. The role of Glut in glucose uptake response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic heart is evaluated using the Glut inhibitor cytochalasin B. Cardiac Glut-1 expression is also evaluated after in vitro hypoglycemic exposure. Glut-1 levels are highest on gestational days 9-10, intermediate on gestational day 10.5, and lowest on gestational days 11.5-13.5 in the normal embryonic heart. Cardiac Glut-1 mRNA levels similarly decline between gestational days 9.5 and gd 13.5. Cytochalasin B produces a dose-dependent decrease in glucose uptake in hearts exposed to hypoglycemia for 30 min or 6 h, implicating Glut in this response. Glut-1 protein expression is unchanged after 2 or 6 h but increased after 12 and 24 h of hypoglycemia in the gestational day 9.5 heart. Thus, Glut-1 expression is prominent in the embryonic heart and is correlated with changes in cardiac glucose requirements during normal organogenesis. Glut activity increases in response to acute hypoglycemia and the expression of Glut-1 increases in response to prolonged hypoglycemia. These results support the importance of Glut-1 during normal cardiogenesis and in response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic heart.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Glut-1 expression and its response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic mouse heart

Smoak¹,

Branch

2000

Anatomy and Embryology

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“…In the liver, hemopoietic development occurs during gestation and SNAT1 was localized to these areas of active hemopoiesis, but liver expression declined to low levels when this process was assumed by the bone marrow. The glucose transporter, GLUT1, also shows a similar developmental pattern as that described above for SNAT1 (Matsumoto et al 1993, Matsumoto et al 1995.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…But why should the cell express amino acid transporters, such as SNAT1, during certain periods of development and then down-regulate them at birth, especially with other transporters located on the cell surface (such as other SNAT family members) with overlapping substrate specificities? This question is not confined to just amino acid transporters; glucose transporters also are expressed differentially during development and also show overlapping substrate specificity (Matsumoto et al 1993, Illsley 2000, Abe et al 2001). This question should stimulate future research to investigate the mechanism of transporter gene regulation during development because the answers are likely to have clinical relevance given that neoplasms regress to a more embryonic state and System A is up-regulated in nearly all transformed cell lines (Boerner & Saier 1982, Kilberg & Haussenger 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SNAT1 in the Developing Rat

et al. 2005

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System A is a highly regulated, Na+-dependent transporter that accepts neutral amino acids containing short, polar side chains. System A plays an important role during rat development as decreased pup weights are observed in dams infused during gestation with a non-metabolizable System A substrate. Given the potential importance of SNAT1 during development in the rat brain, we examined whether SNAT1 would be present at an earlier gestation during organogenesis in multiple organs by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. SNAT1 protein was observed in the developing lungs, intestines, kidneys, heart, pancreas, and skeletal muscle of rats at prenatal days 14, 17, 19, 21, and postnatal day 2 rats. SNAT1 protein expression decreased in the liver and intestine shortly after birth and as the rat matured. SNAT1 expression was constant throughout development in the lungs and kidney and increased in the heart from prenatal day 19 to postnatal day 2. Highest levels of expression in older animals were seen in organs undergoing rapid cell division.

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“…During ontogenetic development, specific changes in glucose transport normalized to tissue mass or protein are often masked by striking increases in mucosal mass and surface area. The fetal small intestine of many mammals, including humans [71], is known to actively transport glucose (for reviews, see [3,72]) or to express SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA at significant levels [73,74], as illustrated in Figure 2. Brush-border glucose transport gradually increases with gestational age.…”

Section: Development Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport

Ferraris

2001

Biochemical Journal

215

124

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The Na+-dependent glucose transporter SGLT1 and the facilitated fructose transporter GLUT5 absorb sugars from the intestinal lumen across the brush-border membrane into the cells. The activity of these transport systems is known to be regulated primarily by diet and development. The cloning of these transporters has led to a surge of studies on cellular mechanisms regulating intestinal sugar transport. However, the small intestine can be a difficult organ to study, because its cells are continuously differentiating along the villus, and because the function of absorptive cells depends on both their state of maturity and their location along the villus axis. In this review, I describe the typical patterns of regulation of transport activity by dietary carbohydrate, Na+ and fibre, how these patterns are influenced by circadian rhythms, and how they vary in different species and during development. I then describe the molecular mechanisms underlying these regulatory patterns. The expression of these transporters is tightly linked to the villus architecture; hence, I also review the regulatory processes occurring along the crypt-villus axis. Regulation of glucose transport by diet may involve increased transcription of SGLT1 mainly in crypt cells. As cells migrate to the villus, the mRNA is degraded, and transporter proteins are then inserted into the membrane, leading to increases in glucose transport about a day after an increase in carbohydrate levels. In the SGLT1 model, transport activity in villus cells cannot be modulated by diet. In contrast, GLUT5 regulation by the diet seems to involve de novo synthesis of GLUT5 mRNA synthesis and protein in cells lining the villus, leading to increases in fructose transport a few hours after consumption of diets containing fructose. In the GLUT5 model, transport activity can be reprogrammed in mature enterocytes lining the villus column. Innovative experimental approaches are needed to increase our understanding of sugar transport regulation in the small intestine. I close by suggesting specific areas of research that may yield important information about this interesting, but difficult, topic.

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Developmental Change of Facilitative Glucose Transporter Expression in Rat Embryonal and Fetal Intestine

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Glut-1 expression and its response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic mouse heart

Glut-1 expression and its response to hypoglycemia in the embryonic mouse heart

Ontogeny of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SNAT1 in the Developing Rat

Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport

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