Developmental Brain Changes Investigated With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Hashimoto, Toshiaki; Tayama, Masanobu; Miyazaki, Masahito; Fujii, Emiko; Harada, Masafumi; Miyoshi, Hirokazu; Tanouchi, Miki; Kuroda, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1995.tb12023.x

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additionally age was negatively associated with left Cho/Cre in controls. This is consistent with a previous study of healthy children and adults examining the Cho/Cre ratio in the frontal cortex [Hashimoto et al, 1995]. Other studies involving much older individuals indicate that all metabolites, including Cho, may remain stable with age [Haga et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study

Kesler

Reiss

2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Males with fragile X syndrome are at risk for significant cognitive and behavioral deficits, particularly those involving executive prefrontal systems. Disruption of the cholinergic system secondary to fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency may contribute to the cognitivebehavioral impairments associated with fragile X. We measured choline in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 9 males with fragile X syndrome and 9 age-matched typically developing controls using 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Right choline/creatine was significantly reduced in the fragile X group compared to controls. In controls, both left and right choline was significantly positively correlated with intelligence and age was significantly negatively correlated with left choline. There were no correlations in the fragile X group. Subjects with fragile X syndrome participating in a pilot open-label trial of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, demonstrated significantly improved cognitive-behavioral function. Studies utilizing biochemical neuroimaging techniques such as these have the potential to significantly impact the design of treatment strategies for fragile X syndrome and other genetic disorders by helping identify neurochemical targets for intervention as well as serving as metrics for treatment efficacy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study

Kesler

Reiss

2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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“…Terms & The human brain is not completely mature at birth and instead develops into adulthood (Posner, Rothbart, Farah, & Bruer, 2001). Neuroimaging studies have shown that whilst the number of cortical neurons does not increase significantly after birth, important cortical maturation mechanisms involve differential neuron myelination and dendrite multiplication (Hashimoto et al, 1995). Although adult-like in appearance by 18 months of age, complete myelination and maturation of the human brain is not seen before 20 years of age (Hudspeth, 1987as cited in Stuss 1992.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental Aspects of Temporal and Spatial Visual Attention: Insights from the Attentional Blink and Visual Search Tasks

Garrad-Cole

Shapiro

Thierry

2011

Child Neuropsychology

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Frontal regions of the human cortex are thought to reach full maturation last in the course of development. The present report examines such development in the context of attentional tasks in the temporal (e.g., the attentional blink, AB, paradigm) and spatial (e.g., the visual search, VS, paradigm) domains. Here we show that the recovery from AB is progressively longer with younger age by studying 7-, 12-, 15-year-olds, and adults participating on a modified AB task. By contrast, we found no difference between 7-year-olds and adults in a VS task using the same target stimuli as in the AB task. This differential pattern of development between temporal and spatial attention is discussed in relation to visual working memory development, clinical populations, and general mechanisms of cortical development.

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“…Moreover, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have examined the brainstem and reported various morphometric abnormalities. Early studies using area measurements from midsagittal images, reported reductions in brainstem size [8–10]; however, not all studies are in agreement [11–15]. Additionally, two cross-sectional volumetric MRI investigations observed no differences in the brainstem volume in ASD compared to controls [16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-year longitudinal pilot MRI study of the brainstem in autism

Jou

Frazier

Keshavan

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

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Research has demonstrated the potential role of the brainstem in the pathobiology of autism. Previous studies have suggested reductions in brainstem volume and a relationship between this structure and sensory abnormalities. However, little is known regarding the developmental aspects of the brainstem across childhood and adolescence. The goal of this pilot study was to examine brainstem development via MRI volumetry using a longitudinal research design. Participants included 23 boys with autism and 23 matched controls (age range = 7–17 years), all without intellectual disability. Participants underwent structural MRI scans once at baseline and again at two-year follow-up. Brainstem volumetric measurements were performed using the BRAINS2 software package. There were no significant group differences in age, gender, handedness, and total brain volume; however, full-scale IQ was higher in controls. Autism and control groups showed different patterns of growth in brainstem volume. While whole brainstem volume remained stable in controls over the two-year period, the autism group showed increases with age reaching volumes comparable to controls by age 15 years. This increase of whole brainstem volume was primarily driven by bilateral increases in gray matter volume. Findings from this preliminary study are suggestive of developmental brainstem abnormalities in autism primarily involving gray matter structures. These findings are consistent with autism being conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder with alterations in brain-growth trajectories. More longitudinal MRI studies are needed integrating longitudinal cognitive/behavioral data to confirm and elucidate the clinical significance of these atypical growth patterns.

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Developmental Brain Changes Investigated With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study

Developmental Aspects of Temporal and Spatial Visual Attention: Insights from the Attentional Blink and Visual Search Tasks

A two-year longitudinal pilot MRI study of the brainstem in autism

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Developmental Brain Changes Investigated With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary 1H MRS study

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary 1H MRS study

Developmental Aspects of Temporal and Spatial Visual Attention: Insights from the Attentional Blink and Visual Search Tasks

A two-year longitudinal pilot MRI study of the brainstem in autism

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Product

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Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study

Cholinergic dysfunction in fragile X syndrome and potential intervention: A preliminary ¹H MRS study