Developmental Aspects of Pediatric fMRI: Considerations for Image Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation

Gaillard, William D.; Grandin, Cécile; Xu, Benjamin

doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0681

Cited by 176 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Some researchers have expressed some doubt about using transformation to stereotaxic space in children. 35,36 Others, however, have shown that differences due to age are beneath the resolution provided by the current imaging technology. 37 In addition, functional analysis maps projected onto averaged anatomical images appear not to produce false variance between age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

et al. 2010

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Objective: To investigate the neural mechanisms of food motivation in children and adolescents, and examine brain activation differences between healthy weight (HW) and obese participants. Subjects: Ten HW children (ages 11-16; BMI o 85%ile) and 10 obese children (ages 10-17; BMI 495%ile) matched for age, gender and years of education. Measurements: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted twice: when participants were hungry (pre-meal) and immediately after a standardized meal (post-meal). During the fMRI scans, the participants passively viewed blocked images of food, non-food (animals) and blurred baseline control. Results: Both groups of children showed brain activation to food images in the limbic and paralimbic regions (PFC/OFC). The obese group showed significantly greater activation to food pictures in the PFC (pre-meal) and OFC (post-meal) than the HW group. In addition, the obese group showed less post-meal reduction of activation (vs pre-meal) in the PFC, limbic and the reward-processing regions, including the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: Limbic and paralimbic activation in high food motivation states was noted in both groups of participants. However, obese children were hyper-responsive to food stimuli as compared with HW children. In addition, unlike HW children, brain activations in response to food stimuli in obese children failed to diminish significantly after eating. This study provides initial evidence that obesity, even among children, is associated with abnormalities in neural networks involved in food motivation, and that the origins of neural circuitry dysfunction associated with obesity may begin early in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

et al. 2010

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“…In functional imaging studies, tasks must adhere to specified limitations posed by physical properties of the imaging method used. [86][87][88][89] For instance, tasks in fMRI need to minimise any form of physical-body movements, because this would negatively affect image quality. At the same time tasks should assess the desired construct without reaching ceiling or floor effects (or producing chance performance) for every age group.…”

Section: Two Sorts Of Constructivist Developmental (Neo-piagetian) Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructivist developmental theory is needed in developmental neuroscience

Arsalidou

Pascual-Leone

2016

npj Science Learn

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Neuroscience techniques provide an open window previously unavailable to the origin of thoughts and actions in children. Developmental cognitive neuroscience is booming, and knowledge from human brain mapping is finding its way into education and pediatric practice. Promises of application in developmental cognitive neuroscience rests however on better theory-guided data interpretation. Massive amounts of neuroimaging data from children are being processed, yet published studies often do not frame their work within developmental models—in detriment, we believe, to progress in this field. Here we describe some core challenges in interpreting the data from developmental cognitive neuroscience, and advocate the use of constructivist developmental theories of human cognition with a neuroscience interpretation.

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“…Only one run was discarded due to excessive motion. Although some have questioned the use of transformation to stereotaxic space for children's brains in group studies of structure and function (Gaillard et al, 2001), recent findings indicate that differences between age groups are beneath the resolution provided by current imaging technology (Burgund et al, 2002). Furthermore, functional analysis maps projected onto averaged anatomical images appear not to produce false variance between age groups (Burgund et al, 2002).…”

Section: Behavioral Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms underlying food motivation in children and adolescents

et al. 2005

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Dramatic increases in childhood obesity necessitate a more complete understanding of neural mechanisms of hunger and satiation in pediatric populations. In this study, normal weight children and adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning before and after eating a meal. Participants showed increased activation to visual food stimuli in the amygdala, medial frontal/orbitofrontal cortex, and insula in the pre-meal condition; no regions of interest responded in the post-meal condition. These results closely parallel previous findings in adults. In addition, we found evidence for habituation to food stimuli in the amygdala within the pre-meal session. These findings provide evidence that normal patterns of neural activity related to food motivation begin in childhood. Results have implications for obese children and adults, who may have abnormal hunger and satiation mechanisms.

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Developmental Aspects of Pediatric fMRI: Considerations for Image Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation

Cited by 176 publications

References 66 publications

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

Constructivist developmental theory is needed in developmental neuroscience

Neural mechanisms underlying food motivation in children and adolescents

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