Developmental and social factors in Nigerian children's accidents

Pfeffer, Karen

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00705.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We included in the model the expression of KIT (which has been shown to have the highest prediction value in our previous studies) as well as the TC-1 gene, which is related to thyroid cancer. TC-1 is implicated in the proliferation of cancer cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways [ 20 – 23 ]. Several studies have shown that this protein is more expressed in thyroid cancers than benign nodules, and the potential use of the TC1 gene expression as a marker of malignancy in thyroid nodules is also shown in the literature [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of four molecular markers improves thyroid cancer cytologic diagnosis and patient management

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The most sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis is fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy with cytological evaluation. Nevertheless, FNA biopsy is not always decisive leading to “indeterminate” or “suspicious” diagnoses in 10 %–30 % of cases. BRAF V600E detection is currently used as molecular test to improve the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, yet it lacks sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to identify novel molecular markers/computational models to improve the discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid lesions.MethodsWe collected 118 pre-operative thyroid FNA samples. All 118 FNA samples were characterized for the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation (exon15) by pyrosequencing and further assessed for mRNA expression of four genes (KIT, TC1, miR-222, miR-146b) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Computational models (Bayesian Neural Network Classifier, discriminant analysis) were built, and their ability to discriminate benign and malignant tumors were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and principal component analysis was used for visualization purposes.ResultsIn total, 36/70 malignant samples carried the V600E mutation, while all 48 benign samples were wild type for BRAF exon15. The Bayesian neural network (BNN) and discriminant analysis, including the mRNA expression of the four genes (KIT, TC1, miR-222, miR-146b) showed a very strong predictive value (94.12 % and 92.16 %, respectively) in discriminating malignant from benign patients. The discriminant analysis showed a correct classification of 100 % of the samples in the malignant group, and 95 % by BNN. KIT and miR-146b showed the highest diagnostic accuracy of the ROC curve, with area under the curve values of 0.973 for KIT and 0.931 for miR-146b.ConclusionsThe four genes model proposed in this study proved to be highly discriminative of the malignant status compared with BRAF assessment alone. Its implementation in clinical practice can help in identifying malignant/benign nodules that would otherwise remain suspicious.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1917-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of four molecular markers improves thyroid cancer cytologic diagnosis and patient management

et al. 2015

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“…Perceptual skills involved with crossing roads include assessing visual and auditory cues associated with traffic flow. Research suggests that the high rate of pedestrian accidents among children could be related to limitations in their developing perceptual and cognitive abilities (10). These cognitive factors contribute to the ability to perform adequate visual search, to estimate time and distance of approaching vehicles, and to attend to auditory cues for approaching vehicles.…”

Section: Cognitive Limitations For Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Gaps in Child Pedestrian Safety: Comparing What Children Do with What Parents Teach

MacGregor

Smiley²,

Dunk

1999

Transportation Research Record

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Vehicle/pedestrian conflicts are a primary cause of deaths among children age 5 to 12 in North America. Children under 14 are twice as likely as the general population to be involved in vehicle/pedestrian accidents. Parents may overestimate the cognitive abilities of children to handle complex traffic situations and may assume that pedestrian rules taught to children at a young age will help safeguard them when crossing independently. For this reason, parental guidance on crossing safety was compared to actual practice by children, with and without accompanying parents or baby-sitters. Investigations were conducted in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario, a midsize, urban community. Interviews were done of a small sample (30) of well-educated parents in the vicinity of facilities used by children. Their responses were compared with observations of children (208) crossing at signalized and nonsignalized intersections in the same areas. While a high proportion of parents, 87 percent, teach safety practices, and 70 percent restate them when crossing with their children, 20 percent do not make unobserved checks of their children. Of those parents who do make unobserved checks, 42 percent found that none of their safety rules were being followed. Observations of children, not necessarily related to the adults interviewed, found that children were less likely to search for traffic at signalized than at nonsignalized intersections ( p < 0.05). At nonsignalized intersections, 33 percent of unaccompanied children performed no visual search before crossing, increasing to 48 percent at signalized intersections. Even smaller numbers (< 6 percent) of unaccompanied children looked behind them for turning vehicles. These findings suggest that, while more research is needed to improve parental training and child response, more emphasis should be placed on responsibilities of drivers and on countermeasures in the traffic environment.

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