Developmental and genetic mosaic analysis of <i>Drosophila m‐dy</i> mutants: Tissue foci for behavioral and morphogenetic defects

Newby, L M; Jackson, F. Rob

doi:10.1002/dvg.1020160112

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, by complete serendipity, we discovered another informative aberration in the m-dy interval. Previous studies in our laboratory had characterized an allele known as dy And , which is associated with wing and circadian-rhythm phenotypes (Newby and Jackson 1995). In a crossing scheme unrelated to the current work, a chromosome bearing the dy And allele and a white (w) mutation was employed to follow the segregation of a w + P-element transposon.…”

Section: Localization Of the M-dy Gene Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of mutants have small wings relative to the wild type; in m mutants, the wings are also malproportioned compared to those of dy or wild-type flies (Waddington 1940;Slatis and Willermet 1954;Dorn and Burdick 1962;Newby et al 1991). Genetic mosaic analysis in D. virilis (Dobzhansky 1929) and D. melanogaster (Newby and Jackson 1995) has demonstrated that the small-wing phenotypes of m and dy mutants are due to an autonomous defect within the epidermal cell population of the developing wing. In agreement with these results, we and others (Dobzhansky 1929;Newby et al 1991) have shown that alterations in wing surface area in m-dy mutants are correlated with apparent changes in wing epidermal cell size and/or morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular analysis of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) gene complex: m-dy mRNAs encode transmembrane proteins with similarity to C. elegans cuticulin

et al. 2002

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Mutations in the Drosophila miniature-dusky ( m-dy) gene complex were first reported by Morgan and Bridges about 90 years ago. m-dy mutants have abnormally small wings, a phenotype attributed to a cell-autonomous reduction in the size of the epidermal cells comprising the differentiated wing. Using a molecular genetic approach, we have characterized the m-dy chromosomal interval and identified a pair of adjacent transcription units corresponding to m and dy. A dy mutant known as dy (And) has a single base substitution within the protein-coding region that is predicted to result in an amber stop codon and premature translational termination. We show that dy mRNA is expressed at two discrete periods during the life cycle--one during embryonic development and early larval instars, the second during adult development, coincident with wing differentiation. In agreement with the phenotypic similarity of m and dy mutants, sequence comparisons reveal a similarity between the predicted MINIATURE and DUSKY proteins, and indicate that the m and dy genes are members of a larger Drosophila gene family. Both m and dy, as well as other members of this superfamily, are predicted to encode transmembrane proteins with similarity to C. elegans cuticle proteins known as cuticulins. We postulate that m, dy and other members of this protein superfamily function as structural components of the Drosophila cuticulin layer. Such a role for m and dy products in wing differentiation is sufficient to explain the morphological phenotypes associated with m-dy mutants.

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Section: Localization Of the M-dy Gene Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) gene complex: m-dy mRNAs encode transmembrane proteins with similarity to C. elegans cuticulin

et al. 2002

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“…Another less interesting possibility is that general brain damage, associated with the more pleiotropically acting dy mutations (dy Ana and the like; Table 1), would disrupt the neural substrates of both courtship-related learning and circadian rhythms in a rather gratuitous fashion, as the mutational effects "swept through" a variety of brain structures. Two further points about dy-related pleiotropy should be mentioned in this regard: The relevant slow-clock mutations not only "should" affect something in the head (as well as of course causing defects in the development of a thoracic structure); in addition, a genetic-mosaic analysis has shown that dy And does indeed cause its circadian-rhythm abnormalities through a direct head effect of the mutation, with the aberrant wing morphology being autonomous to that relatively posterior appendage (Newby and Jackson 1995). Moreover, this very mutation was shown by Kyriacou et al ( 1 9 9 3 ) to cause a lengthening of the male's courtship song-rhythm period (which normally has an ~55-sec cycle duration); that behavioral defect can be inferred to have a thoracic etiology (again, from mosaic experiments) (see Hall 1984Hall , 1995Hall and Kyriacou 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of conditioned courtship in dusky-Andante rhythm mutants of Drosophila.

Swinderen

Hall²

1995

Learn. Mem.

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IntroductionGenetic connections between learning and rhythmicity were suggested to have been established in a previous study, in part because the dusky Andante (dy And) mutation in Drosophila disrupted both behaviors. dy And, isolated as a slow-clock variant, was reported to cause an approximately fourfold decrement in courtship-suppression conditioning. These effects have been reexamined;the experiments were buttressed by testing the effects of several recently isolated mutations at the dusky locus, along with the original And allele that had been induced there. The reexamination was also prompted by anatomical concerns, certain of which have recently focused on dy-induced decrements in cell size, but only in terms of wing morphology. Another anatomical issue involves the discovery of a neuronal pathway that seems to connect circadian pacemaker cells to a structure in the Drosophila brain that is involved in learning. In observer-blind experiments, however, it was found that neither pacemaker-slowing (Andante.like) dy mutations nor others that cause no rhythm defects produced subnormal conditioned courtship. Moreover, in the adult brain of a slow-clock dy And mutant, no axonal pathway defects were readily discernible and putative pacemaker neurons appeared to be normal in size.

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“…1a). The m and dy genes share sequence similarity and both encode fly Cuticulin proteins (DiBartolomeis et al, 2002) that are required at the pupal stage of development (Newby and Jackson, 1995) for normal wing differentiation. In the absence of m-dy products, the wing is reduced in size, due to an autonomous effect on the size and/or shape of wing epidermal cells (Newby et al, 1991).…”

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RNA interference from a CAX trinucleotide repeat

Akten

Suh

Genova

et al. 2002

Genesis

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The use of RNA interference (RNAi) techniques, combined with a spatially controlled expression of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), provides a convenient method for producing cell-type-specific perturbations of gene function (Fortier and Belote, 2000;Martinek et al., 2000). While studying the function of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) gene complex (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002), we produced transgenic flies expressing a dsRNA that would permit silencing of the dy gene (P{UAS-dy-dsRNA}; Fig. 1a). The m and dy genes share sequence similarity and both encode fly Cuticulin proteins (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) that are required at the pupal stage of development (Newby and Jackson, 1995) for normal wing differentiation. In the absence of m-dy products, the wing is reduced in size, due to an autonomous effect on the size and/or shape of wing epidermal cells (Newby et al., 1991). Although a reduction in wing size is the only obvious morphological phenotype in m-dy flies, certain mutants exhibit reduced viability and/or fertility (Newby et al., 1991). To examine the phenotypic effects of the UAS-dy-dsRNA transgene, we ectopically expressed it within wing tissues, taking advantage of four different existing Drosophila GAL4 driver strains: P{GawB}30A, P{GawB}34B, MS1096, and A9. The first two strains are described in Flybase, the last two were obtained from M. O'Connor (Univ. of Minnesota). All four strains provide expression in wing and other imaginal discs.Previously characterized dy mutants have small wings of normal proportion (ϳ2/3 of the wild-type size), whereas m mutants show a more extreme reduction in wing size and the wings are malproportioned compared to the wild type. The relatively less severe phenotype of dy mutants approximates the null phenotype for this gene, as dy/dy and dy/Df flies exhibit similar wing defects (Newby et al., 1991). Expression of UAS-dy-dsRNA with three out of four of the GAL4 drivers (P{GawB}34B, MS1096, and A9) was associated with a wing phenotype, the severity of which was dependent on the particular driver (Table 1). The fourth driver, P{GawB}30A, caused complete lethality at the late pupal stage (Table 1) and pharate adults were not dissected for examination.We were surprised that ectopic expression of UAS-dydsRNA, using either MS1096 or A9 as a driver, produced a wing phenotype more severe than that observed in existing single dy or m mutants (Table 1; Fig. 1; data not shown). Both of these GAL4 transgenes are known to drive expression in the developing wings, although MS1096 has a slightly broader pattern of expression (M. O'Connor, pers. commun.) that might explain the more severe wing phenotype compared to A9. A wing phenotype was observed with these two drivers using three independent UAS-dy-dsRNA insertions (19-4, 28-1, and 38-1), so the phenotype is not a consequence of transgene insertion. In addition, wing abnormalities were not observed in control siblings carrying any one of the GAL4 drivers or the UAS-dy-dsRNA transgene alone (not shown). Interestingly, the size of the w...

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Developmental and genetic mosaic analysis of Drosophila m‐dy mutants: Tissue foci for behavioral and morphogenetic defects

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular analysis of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) gene complex: m-dy mRNAs encode transmembrane proteins with similarity to C. elegans cuticulin

Molecular analysis of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) gene complex: m-dy mRNAs encode transmembrane proteins with similarity to C. elegans cuticulin

Analysis of conditioned courtship in dusky-Andante rhythm mutants of Drosophila.

RNA interference from a CAX trinucleotide repeat

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