Developmental and genetic components explain enhanced pulmonary volumes of female peruvian quechua

Kiyamu, Melisa; Bigham, Abigail W.; Parra, Esteban J.; León‐Velarde, Fabiola; Rivera-Chira, María; Brutsaert, Tom D.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22069

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Surnames, self‐identification and knowledge of Quechua language have been commonly used as a proxy for Andean ancestry in high altitude research (Chakraborty et al, ). Moreover, by using the same selection criteria of the present study, previous reports sampling individuals in Lima, as well as migrants to sea‐level, showed a posteriori assessments of ancestry that ranged between 89 and 95% using ancestry‐informative markers (Brutsaert et al, ; Kiyamu et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua: A test of the developmental adaptation hypothesis

Kiyamu¹,

Elías²,

León‐Velarde³

et al. 2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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High altitude natives are reported to have outstanding work capacity in spite of the challenge of oxygen transport and delivery in hypoxia. To evaluate the developmental effect of lifelong exposure to hypoxia on aerobic capacity, VO2peak was measured on two groups of Peruvian Quechua subjects (18-35 years), who differed in their developmental exposure to altitude. Male and female volunteers were recruited in Lima, Peru (150 m), and were divided in two groups, based on their developmental exposure to hypoxia, those: a) Born at sea-level individuals (BSL), with no developmental exposure to hypoxia (n = 34) and b) Born at high-altitude individuals (BHA) with full developmental exposure to hypoxia (n = 32), but who migrated to sea-level as adults (>16-years-old). Tests were conducted both in normoxia (BP = 750 mm Hg) and normobaric hypoxia at sea-level (BP = 750 mm Hg, FiO2 = 0.12, equivalent to 4,449 m), after a 2-month training period (in order to control for initial differences in physical fitness) at sea-level. BHA had a significantly higher VO2peak at hypoxia (40.31 ± 1.0 ml/min/kg) as compared to BSL (35.78 ± 0.96 ml/min/kg, P = 0.001), adjusting for sex. The decrease of VO2peak at HA relative to SL (ΔVO2peak ) was not different between groups, controlling for baseline levels (VO2peak at sea-level) and sex (BHA = 0.35 ± 0.04 l/min, BSL = 0.44 ± 0.04 l/min; P = 0.12). Forced vital capacity (controlling for height) and the residuals of VO2peak (controlling for weight) had a significant association in the BHA group only (r = 0.155; P = 0.031). In sum, results indicate that developmental exposure to altitude constitutes an important factor to determine superior exercise performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua: A test of the developmental adaptation hypothesis

Kiyamu¹,

Elías²,

León‐Velarde³

et al. 2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The FVC and FEV 1 of high altitude populations have frequently been compared to low altitude standards in order to gauge the general increase associated with either genetic adaptation or developmental adjustments to high altitude hypoxia (Frisancho, 1969;Frisancho et al, 1973;Malik and Singh, 1979;Beall, 1984;Greksa et al, 1987Greksa et al, , 1988Havryk et al, 2002;Kiyamu et al, 2012). The results of this study indicate that the inclusion of stunted children in high altitude populations compromises the validity of such comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stunting and the Prediction of Lung Volumes Among Tibetan Children and Adolescents at High Altitude

Weitz

Garruto

2015

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Weitz, Charles A., and Ralph M. Garruto. Stunting and the prediction of lung volumes among Tibetan children and adolescents at high altitude. High Alt Biol Med 16: [306][307][308][309][310][311][312][313][314][315][316][317] 2015.-This study examines the extent to which stunting (height-for-age Z-scores £ -2) compromises the use of low altitude prediction equations to gauge the general increase in lung volumes during growth among high altitude populations. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ) of 208 stunted and 365 non-stunted high-altitude Tibetan children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 20 years are predicted using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESIII) and the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLF) equations, and compared to observed lung volumes. Stunted Tibetan children show smaller positive deviations from both NHANESIII and GLF prediction equations at most ages than non-stunted children. Deviations from predictions do not correspond to differences in body proportions (sitting heights and chest circumferences relative to stature) between stunted and non-stunted children; but appear compatible with the effects of retarded growth and lung maturation that are likely to exist among stunted children. These results indicate that, before low altitude standards can be used to evaluate the effects of hypoxia, or before high altitude populations can be compared to any other group, it is necessary to assess the relative proportion of stunted children in the samples. If the proportion of stunted children in a high altitude population differs significantly from the proportion in the comparison group, lung function comparisons are unlikely to yield an accurate assessment of the hypoxia effect. The best solution to this problem is to (1) use stature and lung function standards based on the same low altitude population; and (2) assess the hypoxic effect by comparing observed and predicted values among high altitude children whose statures are most like those of children on whom the low altitude spirometric standard is based-preferably high altitude children with HAZ-scores ‡ -1.

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“…) is directly proportional to the size of the alveolar surface area and the degree of gas exchange (Zeman and Bennett, ), which plays a key role in the pulmonary diffusion of oxygen from blood to tissues. A recent study by Kiyamu et al () of Peruvian females born and raised at low altitude (Lima 150 m) and born and raised at high altitude Cerro de Pasco (4,338 m) and with different degrees of genetic admixture indicate that the majority of the variability for FVC and total lung capacity was explained by developmental factors.…”

Section: Developmental Functional Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Developmental Functional Adaptation to High Altitude: Review

Frisancho

2013

American J Hum Biol

105

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Various approaches have been used to understand the origins of the functional traits that characterize the Andean high-altitude native. Based on the conceptual framework of developmental functional adaptation which postulates that environmental influences during the period of growth and development have long lasting effects that may be expressed during adulthood, we initiated a series of studies addressed at determining the pattern of physical growth and the contribution of growth and development to the attainment of full functional adaptation to high-altitude of low and high altitude natives living under rural and urban conditions. Current research indicate that: (a) the pattern of growth at high altitude due to limited nutritional resources, physical growth in body size is delayed but growth in lung volumes is accelerated because of hypoxic stress); (b) low-altitude male and female urban natives can attain a full functional adaptation to high altitude by exposure to high-altitude hypoxia during the period of growth and development; (c) both experimental studies on animals and comparative human studies indicate that exposure to high altitude during the period of growth and development results in the attainment of a large residual lung volume; (d) this developmentally acquired enlarged residual lung volume and its associated increase in alveolar area when combined with the increased tissue capillarization and moderate increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration contributes to the successful functional adaptation of the Andean high-altitude native to hypoxia; and (e) any specific genetic traits that are related to the successful functional adaptation of Andean high-altitude natives have yet to be identified.

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Developmental and genetic components explain enhanced pulmonary volumes of female peruvian quechua

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua: A test of the developmental adaptation hypothesis

Aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua: A test of the developmental adaptation hypothesis

Stunting and the Prediction of Lung Volumes Among Tibetan Children and Adolescents at High Altitude

Developmental Functional Adaptation to High Altitude: Review

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