Developmental and Differential Regulations in Gene Expression of Xenopus Pleiotropic Factors-α and -β

Tsujimura, Akira; Yasojima, Koji; Kuboki, Y; Suzuki, Akinobu; Ueno, Naoto; Shiokawa, K.; Hashimoto-Gotoh, Tamotsu

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2305

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The two growth factors, MK and PTN, occur in species as diverse as the frog and man, and the primary structures of the two proteins are well conserved (Fu et al 1994;Sekiguchi et al 1995;Tsujimura et al 1995). This conservation strongly suggests functions which are specific for a factor and that are vital for survival or reproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) resulted in altered expression of a calcium binding protein in the hippocampus of infant mice and their abnormal behaviour

Nakamura¹,

Kadomatsu²,

et al. 1998

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) resulted in altered expression of a calcium binding protein in the hippocampus of infant mice and their abnormal behaviour

Nakamura¹,

Kadomatsu²,

et al. 1998

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“…Although the requirement for a Cys at the ligation site may superficially be viewed as a stringent limitation of the method, it is actually less restrictive than it at first seems. There are hundreds of protein families with interesting biological activities, encompassing many thousands of protein molecules that have native Cys residues located in positions compatible with direct application of native chemical ligation (118).…”

Section: Future Developments Ligation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Native Proteins by Chemical Ligation

Dawson

Kent²

2000

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

1,582

1,526

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Key Words chemical protein synthesis, thioester, protein, peptide, solid phase synthesis, polymer-supported synthesis, protein engineering s Abstract In just a few short years, the chemical ligation of unprotected peptide segments in aqueous solution has established itself as the most practical method for the total synthesis of native proteins. A wide range of proteins has been prepared. These synthetic molecules have led to the elucidation of gene function, to the discovery of novel biology, and to the determination of new three-dimensional protein structures by both NMR and X-ray crystallography. The facile access to novel analogs provided by chemical protein synthesis has led to original insights into the molecular basis of protein function in a number of systems. Chemical protein synthesis has also enabled the systematic development of proteins with enhanced potency and specificity as candidate therapeutic agents.

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“…Expression analysis in the tooth germ of mouse embryos demonstrated Mdk transcripts in the mesenchyme of the developing bone, and tooth morphogenesis and differentiation was inhibited in the presence of a neutralizing anti-Mdk antibody. Likewise, studies with Xenopus laevis demonstrated restricted expression of the homologue to Mdk (XMK, X-PTF-α) in adult organs, including spinal cord and bone respectively (Sekiguchi et al, 1995;Tsujimura et al, 1995). Using a standardized closed murine diaphyseal tibia fracture model, Ohta et al (1999) showed the expression of Mdk in spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cells at the fracture site on day 4 and in chondrocytes in the area of enchondral ossification on day 7 after fracture.…”

Section: Midkine In Skeletal Development and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of midkine in skeletal remodelling

Liedert

Schinke

Ignatius

et al. 2014

British J Pharmacology

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Bone tissue is subjected to continuous remodelling, replacing old or damaged bone throughout life. In bone remodelling, the coordinated activities of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts ensure the maintenance of bone mass and strength. In early life, the balance of these cellular activities is tightly regulated by various factors, including systemic hormones, the mechanical environment and locally released growth factors. Age-related changes in the activity of these factors in bone remodelling can result in diseases with low bone mass, such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a systemic and age-related skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and structural degeneration of bone tissue, predisposing the patient to an increased fracture risk. The growth factor midkine (Mdk) plays a key role in bone remodelling and it is expressed during bone formation and fracture repair. Using a mouse deficient in Mdk, our group have identified this protein as a negative regulator of bone formation and mechanically induced bone remodelling. Thus, specific Mdk antagonists might represent a therapeutic option for diseases characterized by low bone mass, such as osteoporosis. LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx

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Developmental and Differential Regulations in Gene Expression of Xenopus Pleiotropic Factors-α and -β

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) resulted in altered expression of a calcium binding protein in the hippocampus of infant mice and their abnormal behaviour

Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) resulted in altered expression of a calcium binding protein in the hippocampus of infant mice and their abnormal behaviour

Synthesis of Native Proteins by Chemical Ligation

The role of midkine in skeletal remodelling

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