Developmental and behavioural problems in children with severe acute malnutrition in Malawi: A cross–sectional study

Heuvel, Meta van den; Voskuijl, Wieger; Chidzalo, Kate; Kerac, Marko; Reijneveld, Sijmen A.; Bandsma, Robert; Gladstone, Melissa

doi:10.7189/jogh.07.020702416

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The assessors therefore evaluated participation during MDAT assessment using five items rating the mood, engagement, cooperativeness and shyness of the child, and the involvement of the caregiver. These items were adapted from the Behaviour Observation Inventory from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley, 2005;Tofail et al, 2013) and have previously been used to supplement MDAT assessments (van den Heuvel et al, 2017). In duplicate evaluations of 34 children in the pilot study, the interrater reliability of child participation was poor to moderate (kappa correlation coefficients: 0.10-0.57) and poor to fair for maternal encouragement (kappa correlation coefficients: 0.07-0.35).…”

Section: Assessment Of Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malnutrition in early childhood has been linked with impaired cognitive, language, and motor development (Abessa, Bruckers, Kolsteren, & Granitzer, 2017;Grantham-McGregor, 1995;Sudfeld et al, 2015; van den Heuvel et al, 2017), and studies have shown that the deficits persist even many years after nutritional recovery Lelijveld et al, 2019;Liu, Raine, Venables, & Mednick, 2004;Waber et al, 2018). However, these studies have mainly focused on children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or used now outdated definitions of acute malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso

Olsen

Iuel‐Brockdorff

Yaméogo

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Malnutrition impairs cognitive, communication, and motor development, but it is not known how nutrition and health are associated with development in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). We aimed to describe motor and language development of children with MAM and explore its nutrition and health‐related correlates. This cross‐sectional study used baseline data from a nutritional trial in children with MAM aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso. Motor and language skills were assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT). Linear mixed models were used to explore potential correlates of MDAT including socio‐economic status, anthropometry, body composition, whole‐blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), haemoglobin (Hb), iron status, and morbidity. We also assessed child and caregiver participation during MDAT procedures and their associations with correlates and development. MDAT data were available for 1.608 children. Mean (95% CI) MDAT z‐scores were −0.39 (−0.45, −0.34) for gross motor, 0.54 (0.48, 0.59) for fine motor, and −0.91 (−0.96, −0.86) for language skills. Children with higher mid‐upper arm circumference, weight‐for‐height, height‐for‐age, fat‐free mass, n‐3 PUFAs, Hb, and iron status had better MDAT z‐scores, whereas children with more fat mass index, anaemia, illness, and inflammation had poorer z‐scores. In addition, children living in larger households or with an unmarried mother had poorer MDAT z‐scores. Associations between morbidity and z‐scores were largely explained by children's poorer participation during MDAT assessment. The identified factors associated with child development may inform interventions needed to stimulate development during or after management of MAM.

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Section: Assessment Of Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso

Olsen

Iuel‐Brockdorff

Yaméogo

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…5 In pediatrics, this also translates to growth failure, a potential neurodevelopmental delay in gross and fine motor development and cognition. 6,7 Both malnutrition and sarcopenia may also translate to extended hospitalization, increased morbidity, mortality, and health-related complications in children. 6,[8][9][10] Despite these overlapping features, sarcopenia diagnosis focuses more narrowly on the concepts related to SMM and muscle functionality; all of which may be more directly influenced by inflammatory changes in metabolism induced by chronic disease in both adults and children 11,12 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Sarcopenia: A Paradigm in the Overall Definition of Malnutrition in Children?

Ooi

Thompson‐Hodgetts

Pritchard

et al. 2019

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

119

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Background Malnutrition is a common complication in children with chronic diseases. Sarcopenia is one component of malnutrition, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and muscle function. The presence of sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in children. Although there is growing research interest in sarcopenia, no review has been done on this novel concept in pediatrics. The purpose of this review was to explore current evidence in sarcopenia with and without obesity and to evaluate the knowledge gaps in the assessment of childhood sarcopenia. Methods A total of 12 articles retrieved from PubMed or Web of Science databases were included. Results Limited studies have elucidated sarcopenia in pediatrics. Challenges in sarcopenia assessment include heterogeneity in definition and absence of standardized body composition methods used to measure SMM and muscle function tests. There is a lack of age‐specific and gender‐specific normative data for SMM, particularly in young children and infants. None of the studies incorporated muscle function assessment, causing potential bias and misclassification of sarcopenia. The research in childhood sarcopenia is also hampered by low study quality, limited number of outcomes‐based research, and lack of longitudinal data. Conclusion Consensus needs to be reached in methodological approaches in sarcopenia diagnosis, body composition measurements, and age‐appropriate muscle function tests in pediatrics. Careful considerations on growth, neurocognitive status, and factors influencing development in various clinical populations are warranted. Early identification of sarcopenia is crucial to enable targeted treatment and prevention to be carried out across the pediatric clinical populations.

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“…The effects of malnutrition can be long-lasting (4). When food insecurity and HIV co-exist, the effects on both child development and child behaviour can be dramatic (5). HIV has implications for child and adolescent development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The food of life: an evaluation of the impact of cash grant receipt and good parenting on child nutrition outcomes in South Africa and Malawi

et al. 2020

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Social protection interventions (inclusive of cash grant receipt and care provision) have been found to be effective in response to some of the negative implications of the HIV epidemic on children and families. This study explores the impact of cash grant receipt and care provision (operationalised as good parenting) on child nutritional outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, 854 children and younger adolescents (5–15 years) and caregivers affected by HIV, attending community-based organisations in South Africa and Malawi, were interviewed. Interviews comprised inventories on socio-demographic information, family data, cash grant receipt and child nutrition. Parenting was measured using a composite scale. Logistic regression and marginal effects analyses were used to explore the associations between differing levels of social protection (none; either cash or good parenting; cash and good parenting) and child nutritional outcomes. One hundred and sixty children (20.3%) received neither cash nor good parenting; 501 (63.5%) received either cash or good parenting and 128 (16.2%) received both cash and good parenting. In comparison to no intervention, receipt of either cash or good parenting was significantly associated with child non-stunting, the child having sufficient food, and the child not looking thin. Three (3/7) nutritional outcomes showed increased improvement amongst children receiving both cash and good parenting care including child-reported non-hunger, child non-stunting and parental report of sufficient food. Marginal effects analyses further identified an additive effect of cash and good parenting on child nutritional outcomes. This study indicates that receipt of combined cash and good parenting, when compared to cash grant receipt alone, has positive effects on nutrition-related child outcomes.

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Developmental and behavioural problems in children with severe acute malnutrition in Malawi: A cross–sectional study

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso

Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso

Pediatric Sarcopenia: A Paradigm in the Overall Definition of Malnutrition in Children?

The food of life: an evaluation of the impact of cash grant receipt and good parenting on child nutrition outcomes in South Africa and Malawi

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