Developmental Anatomy of the Nasolacrimal Duct: Implications for Congenital Obstruction

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

“…Dimensions and volumes of the NLD were obtained by methods previously described. 6 Three-dimensional reconstruction was manually performed in ImageJ by tracing the outline of the NLD from serial slices from the lacrimal sac, when visible, or the lacrimal fossa. The NLD was continuously traced to the distal portion as it enters the inferior meatus.…”

“…The software with reconstruction data can be freely downloaded (http://faculty.washington.edu/jokelly /nld3d). The software also includes reconstruction of 5 control subjects reported by Moscato et al 6 …”

“…The higher resistance is partly offset by hydrostatic pressure, which is maximal at the lowest point in the NLD and increases with postnatal elongation of the NLD with increasing age. 6 Progressive accumulation of retained tears and the added force of the eyelid blink can lead to spontaneous rupture when the hydrostatic pressure exceeds the tensile strength of a bilayered membrane, which normally is in various stages of involution.…”

Topography of the nasolacrimal duct on the lateral nasal wall in Koreans

“…Defining the position of the nasolacrimal sac and duct during this surgical procedure is important. Studies defining the nasolacrimal apparatus in cadavers and in healthy people using computed tomography have been reported in the literature [1,11,15]. McCormick and Sloan [11] measured the diameter of the nasolacrimal canal using computed tomography and analyzed according to gender and racial differences.…”

Developing the optimal protocol for balloon dacryoplasty

“…Второе физио-логическое сужение локализовано в дистальной тре-ти носослезного протока. Устье последнего нахо-дится в нескольких миллиметрах кзади от складки крыла носа [3,4,7,8].…”