“…China is also a late industrializing country, which makes an interesting comparison with Italy, which is at a mature stage of industrialization (Haraguchi et al, 2017). Finally, the two countries have longstanding bilateral trade relations, and many studies recently have sought to compare their industrial structure, regional specialization, clustering, and manufacturing strategies (Bagnai & Sarra, 2012;Barbieri, Di Tommaso, & Bonnini, 2012;Bontempi & Prodi, 2009;Long & Zhang, 2012;Zheng, Barbieri, Di Tommaso, & Zhang, 2016).…”