Development, validation, and use of a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessing protein intake in Papua New Guinean Highlanders

Abstract

The newly developed 32-item FFQ for PNG Highlanders is applicable for evaluation of protein intake at the individual level. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:349-357, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Nitrogen fixation and nifH diversity in human gut microbiota

“…Dietary data were obtained with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire developed in our previous study19, including demographic and anthropometric data. Nineteen healthy PNG individuals, aged between 15 and 40 years, with body mass indices (BMIs) ranging from 19.2 to 27.2 kg/m 2 , were selected for the study (Table 1 and Supplementary Table S3).…”

“…The diet of certain PNG individuals is still composed mostly of sweet potatoes today, resulting in a below-standard nitrogen intake19, even though their average nitrogen intake has been increasing since the 1970s. Therefore, we collected faecal samples from PNG individuals with low to sufficient nitrogen intake, and from Japanese individuals, with much higher nitrogen intake.…”

Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the Papua New Guinea highlands: The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of scalp hair and fingernail

“…For example, Harvey and Heywood () reported longitudinal dietary change in Chimbu, one of the Highland areas that experienced transition from a subsistence economy to cash cropping over a 25‐year period; there was a marked increase in the consumption of purchased foods (rice, tinned fish) and also in protein intake. According to our nutritional survey conducted during 2012–2013 (Morita et al, ), the median protein intake for an adult was 44.5 g in Goroka, 40.1 g in Tari, and 29.1 g in Levani. Animal protein intake was 8.8 g, 4.3 g, and 4.0 g in each community, respectively.…”

“…Animal protein intake was 8.8 g, 4.3 g, and 4.0 g in each community, respectively. The contribution of purchased animal foods (tinned fish, tinned meat, chicken) to protein intake was 4.2 g in Goroka, 3.9 g in Tari, and 0.5 g in Levani (Morita et al, ). We suggest that the lower hair δ 15 N values in less economically developed areas are due to lower consumption of animal protein, particularly from purchased animal foods.…”

Association of protein intakes and variation of diet‐scalp hair nitrogen isotopic discrimination factor in Papua New Guinea highlanders

“…It is advantageous to conduct studies in a region where large inter‐population variation in dietary characteristics can be assumed in terms of nutrition albeit physical traits are similar, which enables an investigation into dietary factors affecting the isotopic discrimination for humans. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) Highlands contains such populations because the people are in the process of a dietary transition from a starch‐based diet in an indigenous subsistence of sweet potato cultivation and pig rearing to an energy‐dense and protein‐rich diet in the market economy; consequently, large difference in dietary characteristics have been reported among populations (Morita et al, ). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that was developed and validated to estimate protein intake of individuals in the PNG Highlands enabled us to reliably evaluate the dietary characteristics of the participants (Morita et al, ).…”