Development, validation and application of a device to measure e-cigarette users’ puffing topography

Cunningham, Anthony; Slayford, Sandra; Vas, Carl; Gee, Jodie; Costigan, Sandra; Prasad, Krishna

doi:10.1038/srep35071

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the natural environment, puff duration and other puff parameters (e.g., number of puffs, inter-puff interval, flow rate, volume) are controlled by the user (Robinson et al, 2015; Robinson et al, 2016), although manipulation of these parameters through controlled vaping bouts has occurred in laboratory settings (Spindle et al, 2016). In humans, average puff duration for e-cigarettes (“cigalikes” and tank-based systems) appeared dependent upon nicotine concentration (Lopez et al, 2016; Ramoa et al, 2016; Spindle et al, 2016) and showed considerable variability, ranging from 1.8 to 6.1 s (Cunningham et al, 2016; Ramoa et al, 2016; Robinson et al, 2015; Spindle et al, 2016). In the present study, duration of aerosol generation was 10 seconds, with subsequent 1-minute hold in the chamber.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

Lefever

Lee

Kovach

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Although both men and women use e-cigarettes, most preclinical nicotine research has focused on its effects in male rodents following injection. The goals of the present study were to develop an effective e-cigarette nicotine delivery system, to compare results to those obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, and to examine sex differences in the model. Methods Hypothermia and locomotor suppression were assessed following aerosol exposure or s.c. injection with nicotine in female and male mice. Subsequently, plasma and brain concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were measured. Results Passive exposure to nicotine aerosol produced concentration-dependent and mecamylamine reversible hypothermic and locomotor suppressant effects in female and male mice, as did s.c. nicotine injection. In plasma and brain, nicotine and cotinine concentrations showed dose/concentration-dependent increases in both sexes following each route of administration. Sex differences in nicotine-induced hypothermia were dependent upon route of administration, with females showing greater hypothermia following aerosol exposure and males showing greater hypothermia following injection. In contrast, when they occurred, sex differences in nicotine and cotinine levels in brain and plasma consistently showed greater concentrations in females than males, regardless of route of administration. Discussion In summary, the e-cigarette exposure device described herein was used successfully to deliver pharmacologically active doses of nicotine to female and male mice. Further, plasma nicotine concentrations following exposure were similar to those after s.c. injection with nicotine and within the range observed in human smokers. Future research on vaped products can be strengthened by inclusion of translationally relevant routes of administration.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

Lefever

Lee

Kovach

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…A 15‐minute break between the 2 exposure sessions was given so that the animals could access fresh air, food, and water. The puff duration was 3 seconds, puff interval 1 minute, and the puff volume was 50 mL, all of which mimics real‐life exposure scenarios 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. As for the controls or control mice, they were matched in terms of age and sex (ie, 10‐week‐old males), and were exposed to clean air.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Qasim

Karim

Silva‐Espinoza

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the United States, with smoking being the primary preventable cause of premature death, and thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular mortality in smokers. Due to the perception that electronic/e‐cigarettes are “safer/less harmful” than conventional cigarettes, their usage—among a variety of ages—has increased tremendously during the past decade. Notably, there are limited studies regarding the negative effects of e‐cigarettes on the cardiovascular system, which is also the subject of significant debate.Methods and ResultsWe employed a passive e‐VapeTM vapor inhalation system and developed an in vivo whole‐body e‐cigarette mouse exposure protocol that mimics real‐life human exposure scenarios/conditions and investigated the effects of e‐cigarettes and clean air on platelet function and thrombogenesis. Our results show that platelets from e‐cigarette–exposed mice are hyperactive, with enhanced aggregation, dense and α granule secretion, activation of the αIIbβ3 integrin, phosphatidylserine expression, and Akt and ERK activation, when compared with clean air–exposed platelets. E‐cigarette–exposed platelets were also found to be resistant to inhibition by prostacyclin, relative to clean air. Furthermore, the e‐cigarette–exposed mice exhibited a shortened thrombosis occlusion and bleeding times.ConclusionsTaken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that e‐cigarettes alter physiological hemostasis and increase the risk of thrombogenic events. This is attributable, at least in part, to the hyperactive state of platelets. Thus, the negative health consequences of e‐cigarette exposure should not be underestimated and warrant further investigation.

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“…The pressure transducers work by detecting a pressure change across the orifice (2 mm in diameter), which is proportional to the flow rate squared 9 . The product holder was modified for use with e-cigarettes as outlined by Cunningham et al 23 (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Study Design Initial Visit To Central Study Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-category puffing topography, mouth level exposure and consumption study among Italian users of tobacco and nicotine products

Jones

Slayford

Gray

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Actual use studies play a key part in evaluating the reduced risk potential of tobacco and nicotine products. This study was undertaken to determine the puffing topography, mouth level exposure (MLE) and average daily consumption (ADC) relating to two commercially available tobacco heating products (THPs) and a prototype electronic cigarette (or e-cigarette) among Italian non-mentholated 7 mg ISO tar cigarette smokers. The study was conducted in Milan, Italy, with three groups of approximately 50 participants. Groups 1 and 3 included adult smokers of 7 mg ISO tar tobacco cigarettes, and Group 2 consisted of both solus vapers and dual users of vapour and tobacco products. Amongst smokers, e-cigarette mean puff volumes (41.6 mL vs 41.3 mL) and mean puff durations (1.4 s vs 1.5 s) were similar to that of the cigarette, although the average usage session was significantly longer (1064.8 s vs 289.5 s) with a higher total number of puffs (58.6 vs 17.3), however this may be attributable to differences in product operation. There were no significant differences across puffing topography measurements observed between smokers (Group 1) and regular vapers/dual users (Group 2) when using the e-cigarette. As consistent with previous research, users took, on average, larger mean puff volumes when using a THP compared to the reference cigarette (C651), although puff numbers and puff durations remained similar. The average interval between puffs was considerably shorter for THP1.0(T) compared to THS2.4(T) (11.0 s vs 17.1 s). MLE to nicotine-free dry particulate matter and nicotine was significantly reduced for THP1.0(T) and THS2.4(T) compared to the tobacco cigarette (C651). MLE to nicotine was also significantly reduced for the e-cigarette (IS1.0(T)) compared to C651. The average daily consumption (ADC) of cigarettes by groups 1 and 3 were higher than the respective ADCs of both THP consumables. There were no significant differences in ADC when comparing the same product between different groups. Differences seen between sensory scores for each of the product categories may be attributed to fundamental differences in design and mode of operation resulting in very different characteristics of the aerosol generated. With an estimated 1.1 billion smokers worldwide as of 2016 1 , the use of combustible tobacco products has been identified as one of the leading preventable causes of human disease 2. Most of these smoking-related diseases-such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders and lung cancer-are attributed to the inhalation of toxicants within tobacco smoke 3 , released when the tobacco is combusted 4,5. As these toxicants are often the product of combustion and pyrolysis, recent advances have focused on heating (at temperatures below 350 °C 6) rather than burning tobacco, or removing tobacco exposure altogether in the form of electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes, or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)). Based on current available evidence, Public Health England 7 have supported the statement that...

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Development, validation and application of a device to measure e-cigarette users’ puffing topography

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

A cross-category puffing topography, mouth level exposure and consumption study among Italian users of tobacco and nicotine products

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