Development Trends in Porous Adsorbents for Carbon Capture

Abstract

Accumulation of greenhouse gases especially CO2 in the atmosphere leading to global warming with undesirable climate changes has been a serious global concern. Major power generation in the world is from coal based power plants. Carbon capture through pre- and post- combustion technologies with various technical options like adsorption, absorption, membrane separations, and chemical looping combustion with and without oxygen uncoupling have received considerable attention of researchers, environmentalists and the stake holders. Carbon capture from flue gases can be achieved with micro and meso porous adsorbents. This review covers carbonaceous (organic and metal organic frameworks) and noncarbonaceous (inorganic) porous adsorbents for CO2 adsorption at different process conditions and pore sizes. Focus is also given to noncarbonaceous micro and meso porous adsorbents in chemical looping combustion involving insitu CO2 capture at high temperature (>400 °C). Adsorption mechanisms, material characteristics, and synthesis methods are discussed. Attention is given to isosteric heats and characterization techniques. The options to enhance the techno-economic viability of carbon capture techniques by integrating with CO2 utilization to produce industrially important chemicals like ammonia and urea are analyzed. From the reader's perspective, for different classes of materials, each section has been summarized in the form of tables or figures to get a quick glance of the developments.

Water-based synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for CO2 capture

“…6,7 A large number of efforts have been devoted to developing new technologies for CO 2 capture. [8][9][10][11] Yaghi et al 12 have systematically synthesized and named a series of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and successfully applied them to CO 2 capture. ZIFs are a new type of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with high porosity, ultrahigh specic surface area, low density and adjustable channel.…”

Production of molecularly imprinted polymer particles with amide-decorated cavities for CO 2 capture using membrane emulsification/suspension polymerisation

“…Unlike amine 36 impregnation or tethering, which often leads to reduction in the total pore volume and 37 specific surface area of the particles [24], molecular imprinting increases porosity of the 38 particles, leading to a higher rate of diffusion of CO 2 to active sites [23,25]. 39 However, bulk polymerisation is not suitable for large-scale production, because the resulting 40 bulk polymer must be crushed, ground, and sieved to obtain particles of optimum size, which 41 is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive, as only 30-40% of the particles can be 42 recovered. In addition, the produced particles have irregular shape and sharp edges and are 43 prone to attrition [25].…”

Sandwich-type ordered mesoporous carbon/graphene nanocomposites derived from ionic liquid

“…Among these materials, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) nanoparticles could provide ready access because of their shorter diffusion lengths and continuously interconnected pore structure. Mesoporous carbons have been extensively investigated for potential applications as catalysts, absorbents, and energy storage devices [1,5,6]. Since specific capacitance and rate capability of carbon are highly dependent on the surface area and pore structure, carbon materials with high surface area and regularly interconnected, ordered mesopores are desirable as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications [7].…”