Development Technologies for the Monitoring of Six-Minute Walk Test: A Systematic Review

Pires, Ivan Miguel; Villasana, María Vanessa; Sá, Juliana; Denysyuk, Hanna Vitaliyivna; Marques, Diogo Luís; Morgado, José; Albuquerque, Carlos; Zdravevski, Eftim

doi:10.3390/s22020581

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…6MWT provides moderate‐intensity exercise test to the participant, in combination with the ‘Oxycon Mobile’, 6MWT could be capable of evaluating the physical capability and cardiopulmonary functions 25 . Moreover, the volunteers might feel more comfortable and less exhausted during the test after donation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of large volume red blood cell apheresis on cardiovascular functions in healthy donors

Chen

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundRequirements of blood transfusions rise rapidly in China. Improving the efficiency of blood donation could help maintaining sufficient blood supplement. We conducted a pilot research to investigate the reliability and safety of collecting more units of red blood cell by apheresis.MethodsThirty‐two healthy male volunteers were randomized into two groups: red blood cell apheresis (RA) (n = 16) and whole blood (WB) donation (n = 16). RA group donated individualized RBC volumes by apheresis according to the volunteers' basal total blood volumes and haematocrit levels, WB group donated 400 mL whole blood. All volunteers were scheduled seven visit times in 8 weeks' study period. The cardiovascular functions were assessed by laboratory examinations, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary functional tests. All results were compared between groups at the same visit time and compared between visit 1(before donation) and other visit times within the same group.ResultsThe average donated RBC volume in RA group and in WB group was 627.25 ± 109.74 mL and 175.28 ± 8.85 mL, respectively(p < 0.05); the RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels changed significantly between times and between groups (p < 0.05). Cardiac biomarker levels such as NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT and CK‐MB did not change significantly between times or between groups (p > 0.05). The echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary results did not change significantly between times or between groups during the whole study period(p > 0.05).ConclusionsWe provided an efficient and secure method for RBC apheresis. By harvesting more RBC volumes at one single‐time, the cardiovascular functions did not change significantly compared with traditional whole blood donation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the target HCT level, the average donated RBC volume in RA group was 627. 25 (approximately 3-4 units).…”

Section: Comparisons Of Donation Parameters Between Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of large volume red blood cell apheresis on cardiovascular functions in healthy donors

Chen

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…The Six Minute-Walk Test (6MWT) is a submaximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance that is universally adopted by clinicians to monitor and perform follow-ups regarding the evolution of patients. Although the test was first used to evaluate individuals with cardiopulmonary disorders, it has now been applied to assess numerous other diseases [ 5 ]. It is frequently used for DMD in clinical practice and research, with some modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact can be used to design patient empowerment solutions. Therefore, a sensor’s output must be better evaluated in order to produce a trustworthy and functional system [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Biomechanics-Based Score to Assess Disease Progression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Migliorelli

Gómez-Martinez

Subías-Beltrán

et al. 2023

Sensors

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(1) Background: Duchenne (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disease that progressively weakens muscles, which severely impairs gait capacity. The Six Minute-Walk Test (6MWT), which is commonly used to evaluate and monitor the disease’s evolution, presents significant variability due to extrinsic factors such as patient motivation, fatigue, and learning effects. Therefore, there is a clear need for the establishment of precise clinical endpoints to measure patient mobility. (2) Methods: A novel score (6M+ and 2M+) is proposed, which is derived from the use of a new portable monitoring system capable of carrying out a complete gait analysis. The system includes several biomechanical sensors: a heart rate band, inertial measurement units, electromyography shorts, and plantar pressure insoles. The scores were obtained by processing the sensor signals and via gaussian-mixture clustering. (3) Results: The 6M+ and 2M+ scores were evaluated against the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), the gold-standard for measuring DMD, and six- and two-minute distances. The 6M+ and 2M+ tests led to superior distances when tested against the NSAA. The 6M+ test and the 2M+ test in particular were the most correlated with age, suggesting that these scores better characterize the gait regressions in DMD. Additionally, the 2M+ test demonstrated an accuracy and stability similar to the 6M+ test. (4) Conclusions: The novel monitoring system described herein exhibited good usability with respect to functional testing in a clinical environment and demonstrated an improvement in the objectivity and reliability of monitoring the evolution of neuromuscular diseases.

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“…The 6MWT test cutoff point was identified to differentiate between normal and low cardiorespiratory fitness patients ( Chetta et al, 2006 ; Jones and Rikli, 2002 ; Lord and Menz, 2002 ; Pires et al, 2022 ; Wetzel et al, 2011 ) in addition to the 2MST test cutoff point which was identified to differentiate between active and sedentary individuals ( Nogueira et al, 2021 ). However, cardiorespiratory endurance fitness cutoff score of the 2MST in patients with type 2 DM was not reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal cutoff score of the 2-min step test and its association with physical fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Srithawong¹,

Poncumhak²,

Manoy³

et al. 2022

J Exerc Rehabil

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This study was carried out to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and test cutoff score to predict cardiorespiratory fitness by using the 2-min step test (2MST) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellites (DM). The associa-tion of the 2MST and physical fitness tests including a 6-min walk test (6MWT), a 5 time sit-to-stand test (FTSST), and leg strength in the form of a leg performance test were also investigated. This study was cross-sectional and conducted in 100 type 2 DM patients. Patients were screened through health questionnaires, medical illness, general char-acteristics, and physical fitness tests; 2MST, 6MWT, FTSST, and leg strength. Blood was collected for assessment of fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles. The number of steps in the 2MST was positively cor-related with the distance of the 6MWT (r=0.6995, p<0.0001) and leg strength (r=0.4292, p<0.0001). 2MST was negatively correlated with time to perform the FTSST (r=-0.405, p<0.0001). Moreover, this study established the optimal cutoff score of the 2MST at ≤61 steps with 92.24% sensitivity, and 81.36% specificity to predict cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 DM patients. Our findings indicate that the 2MST may be used as a predictor for walking capacity, leg strength, and ability to change position from sitting to standing in type 2 DM. In addition, this result may imply that patients with type 2 DM performing the 2MST at less than 61 steps was significantly associated with decreased cardio-respiratory fitness.

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Development Technologies for the Monitoring of Six-Minute Walk Test: A Systematic Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of large volume red blood cell apheresis on cardiovascular functions in healthy donors

Effect of large volume red blood cell apheresis on cardiovascular functions in healthy donors

Multidimensional Biomechanics-Based Score to Assess Disease Progression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The optimal cutoff score of the 2-min step test and its association with physical fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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