Development, survivorship, and reproduction ofTetranychus tumidusbanks (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in relation to temperature

Abstract

Development, survivorship, and reproduction of the tumid spider mite (Tetranychus tumidus Banks) on coconut palm were evaluated at 6 constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). The developmental periods of immature stages ranged from 39.6 d at 15°C to 7.4 d at 30°C. The mite failed to develop beyond the larval stage at 10°C. The lower temperature developmental thresholds for egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and the combined immature stages were estimated at 11.1, 12.9, 12.1, 11.1, and 11.9°C, respectively. The upper temperature thresholds of 25.9-35.9°C for development of immature stages were determined from a nonlinear biophysical model. The percentages of survivorship of immature stages varied from 56.4 to 93.7% within 15-35°C. The average longevity of adult females ranged from 48.7 d at 15°C to 7.9 d at 35°C. The average oviposition per female lifespan varied from 86.02 to 61.75 eggs within the temperature range of 20-30°C. However, oviposition was greatly reduced to 19.44 and 20.54 eggs at 15°C and 35°C, respectively. The largest rm (0.289) and Ro (59.67) occurred at 30°C. Populations reared at 15 and 35°C had lower Ro values of 12.74 and 12.99, respectively. The lowest rm value (0.042) was recorded at 15°C. The mean generation time of the population ranged from 60.7 d at 15°C to 11.7 d at 35°C. It was evident that the development, survivorship and reproduction of T. tumidus were significantly affected by temperatures. ;The optimal temperature for T. tumidus population growth was 30°C.

Geostatistics as a tool to study mite dispersion in physic nut plantations

“…temperature increases reproduction, as well as, the developmental rate of several tetranichid mites, such as we found to T. bastosi (Liu & Tsai, 1998, Bounfour & Tanigoshi, 2001Silva, 2002). Because P. latus presents large thermal limits of development (14-32°C) (Ferreira et al, 2006), the temperature variation in the study sites (23-28°C) should not have been enough to affect the populations size of this mite.…”

Temperature-dependent development and reproductive traits of Tetranychus macfarlanei (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…2). Similar trends were reported for other Tetranychus species such as T. tumidus (Liu and Tsai 1998), T. mcdanieli (Roy et al 2003), T. evansi (Gotoh et al 2010), T. kanzawai and T. merganser (Ullah et al 2011). An excellent fit was obtained by Ikemoto and Takai's (2000) linear model for egg-to-adult (female and male) and egg-to-egg development of Fig.…”

“…It is also possible that at higher temperatures the arthropods were unable to replace the loss of water from their body, leading to higher mortality (Fields 1992). Ullah et al (2011) showed that mortality of T. kanzawai and T. merganser increased sharply at temperatures higher than 35°C and a similar trend was also observed also Table 3) in T. tumidus (Liu and Tsai 1998). In the latter species, survival rates at 15 to 30°C were higher than 78.4%, but at 35°C, it was reduced to 56.4%.…”

“…The estimated lower thermal threshold (t) of T. macfarlanei was 12.9°C for egg-toadult development (both female and male) ( Table 3). The t value of T. macfarlanei is very close to that of seven strains of T. evansi (11.9-12.5°C; Gotoh et al 2010) and T. merganser (12.2-12.3°C;Ullah et al 2011), but slightly higher than that of T. okinawanus (11.6°C; Takafuji et al 1996) and T. tumidus (11.9°C;Liu and Tsai 1998), which occur all in tropical and subtropical regions. In contrast, the t value of T. macfarlanei is higher than that of T. urticae (10.0 and 10.5°C ;Herbert 1981;Bounfour and Tanigoshi 2001), T. pueraricola (10.8°C; Gotoh et al 2004) and T. kanzawai (10.8°C;Ullah et al 2011), which mainly occur in the temperate region.…”

Efeito de diferentes temperaturas no desenvolvimento e reprodução de Tetranychus abacae Baker & Printchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) em bananeira Musa sp. cv. Prata

“…Houve diferença estatística entre a duração nas quatro temperaturas para cada estágio estudado. Outros autores, como Moraes & McMurtry (1981), Mesa & Bellotti (1986), Liu & Tsai (1998) e Silva et al (1998), também verificaram a redução na duração de estágios imaturos de ácaros com o aumento de temperatura entre faixas térmicas de 15 a 30 o C. A menor duração para todas as fases imaturas aconteceu aos 30°C, que foi de 3,2; 1,7; 1,6 e 2,0 dias, respectivamente, para as fases de ovo, larva, protoninfa e deutoninfa (Tabela 1). O período de desenvolvimento variou de 25,0 dias na temperatura de 20°C, a 8,5 na temperatura de 30°C.…”