Development studies of Aurelia (Jellyfish) ephyrae which developed during the SLS-1 mission

Spangenberg, Dorothy Breslin; Jernigan, T. E.; McCombs, R.; Lowe, Brian; Sampson, M.; Slusser, James H.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(94)90408-1

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Therefore, TR should be considered as a bilaterian-specific gene (Figure2). However, some studies suggested that T4 and iodinated compounds can induce the strobilation (polyp to medusa transition) of the cnidaria Aurelia aurita (Spangenberg, 1971;Spangenberg et al, 1994), despite the absence of identified TR ortholog. This raises the following questions: How is this signaling integrated?…”

Section: Th At the Base Of The Metazoan Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of ligands, receptors and metabolizing enzymes of thyroid signaling

Holzer

Roux

Laudet

2017

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in vertebrates such as the control of the metabolism, development and seasonality. Given the pleiotropic effects of thyroid disorders (developmental delay, mood disorder, tachycardia, etc), THs signaling is highly investigated, specially using mammalian models. In addition, the critical role of TH in controlling frog metamorphosis has led to the use of Xenopus as another prominent model to study THs action. Nevertheless, animals regarded as non-model species can also improve our understanding of THs signaling. For instance, studies in amphioxus highlighted the role of Triac as a bona fide thyroid hormone receptor (TR) ligand. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the THs signaling in the different taxa forming the metazoans (multicellular animals) group. We mainly focus on three actors of the THs signaling: the ligand, the receptor and the deiodinases, enzymes playing a critical role in THs metabolism. By doing so, we also pinpoint many key questions that remain unanswered. How can THs accelerate metamorphosis in tunicates and echinoderms while their TRs have not been yet demonstrated as functional THs receptors in these species? Do THs have a biological effect in insects and cnidarians even though they do not have any TR? What is the basic function of THs in invertebrate protostomia? These questions can appear disconnected from pharmacological issues and human applications, but the investigation of THs signaling at the metazoans scale can greatly improve our understanding of this major endocrinological pathway.

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Section: Th At the Base Of The Metazoan Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of ligands, receptors and metabolizing enzymes of thyroid signaling

Holzer

Roux

Laudet

2017

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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“…Additionally, a complex sensory organ, the rhopalia, and a specific set of motor neurons comprising the motor nerve net (MNN) develop during the polyp-medusa metamorphosis (17–19). Jellyfish also have gravity-sensing organs (statocysts), making them attractive also for studies in weightlessness, hence jellyfish were the first model used for studies in zero gravity on the SLS-1 mission (20). In scyphozoans, like Aurelia sp.1 metagenesis occurs via polydisc strobilation, an asexual horizontal fission process along the oral-aboral axis of the polyp which enables the organism to produce a large number of free-swimming individuals at once (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cell-type atlas from a scyphozoan jellyfishAurelia coerulea(formerly sp.1) provides insights into changes of cell-type diversity in the transition from polyps to medusae

Link,

Jahnel,

Janicek

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We provide here a detailed single cell transcriptomic atlas covering the life cycle of the cosmopolitan scyphozoan Aurelia coerulea. We show that there is an increase in cell type diversity in the medusa stage, which is reflected by an increase in the number of unique transcripts expressed. We highlight parallels in both cell complement and specification pathways between Aurelia and the sea anemone Nematostella, two lineages separated by more than 500 MY. We find that several cell types of the neuroglandular lineages are specified by the same transcription factors that arose by gene duplications in the common ancestor of medusozoans and anthozoans. This confirms gene duplications as a source for the increase of cellular complexity during the evolution of cnidarian neuroglandular lineages dates to the common ancestor of all cnidarians. We validated spatial expression domains corresponding to molecular profiles of smooth and striated muscles and followed the development of the striated muscle in the medusa. Our data suggests that striated muscles in the subumbrella of the medusa derive directly from smooth muscles in the jellyfish, and that these two muscle cell types are characterized by distinct molecular profiles. Further, reconstruction of putative cell trajectories indicates multipotent cell states derive from tissues at the boundary between epithelial layers and highlight molecular characteristics not typical of other cnidarians.

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“…Gravity sensing has also been developed in hydrozoan polyps (Ewer, 1946;Campbell, 1972;Hanson, 2023). Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology frontiersin.org Scypho-medusae have been used in space research with results reminiscent of bone loss during long space missions (Spangenberg et al, 1994;Spangenberg et al, 1996). Long-term exposure to microgravity increased human bone resorption and decreased bone formation, reducing bone mineral density by approximately 2% after 1 month (Lang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Gravity Sensory Organs In Eumetazoansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel evolution of gravity sensing

Romanova,

Moroz

2024

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Omnipresent gravity affects all living organisms; it was a vital factor in the past and the current bottleneck for future space exploration. However, little is known about the evolution of gravity sensing and the comparative biology of gravity reception. Here, by tracing the parallel evolution of gravity sensing, we encounter situations when assemblies of homologous modules result in the emergence of non-homologous structures with similar systemic properties. This is a perfect example to study homoplasy at all levels of biological organization. Apart from numerous practical implementations for bioengineering and astrobiology, the diversity of gravity signaling presents unique reference paradigms to understand hierarchical homology transitions to the convergent evolution of integrative systems. Second, by comparing gravisensory systems in major superclades of basal metazoans (ctenophores, sponges, placozoans, cnidarians, and bilaterians), we illuminate parallel evolution and alternative solutions implemented by basal metazoans toward spatial orientation, focusing on gravitational sensitivity and locomotory integrative systems.

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Development studies of Aurelia (Jellyfish) ephyrae which developed during the SLS-1 mission

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Evolution of ligands, receptors and metabolizing enzymes of thyroid signaling

Evolution of ligands, receptors and metabolizing enzymes of thyroid signaling

A cell-type atlas from a scyphozoan jellyfishAurelia coerulea(formerly sp.1) provides insights into changes of cell-type diversity in the transition from polyps to medusae

Parallel evolution of gravity sensing

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