Development strategy and conceptual design of China Lead-based Research Reactor

Wu, Yican; Bai, Yunqing; Song, Yong; Huang, Qunying; Zhao, Zengli; Hu, Liqin

doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2015.08.015

Cited by 148 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…with R the ideal gas constant, K M x O y the equilibrium constant for reaction (2) and a k the activity of a specific component k. Equilibrium activities are denoted by the subscript 'eq'. The activity of PbO in LBE is taken as one to represent a pure solid phase.…”

Section: Pbo Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, international efforts are made with the design of a Lead Fast Reactor (LFR) named ALFRED 1 in the European Union, an ADS in China (Clear) 2 and Japan (TEF-T) 3 and even commercial projects such as SEALER by LeadCold. In Belgium, the MYRRHA ADS under development at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN) 4 aims at demonstrating the feasibility of the transmutation process on an industrial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleation and growth of lead oxide particles in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic

Gladinez

Rosseel

Lim

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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a Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important candidate to become the primary coolant of future, generation IV, nuclear fast reactors and Accelerator Driven System (ADS) concepts. One of the main challenges with the use of LBE as a coolant is to avoid its oxidation which results in solid lead oxide (PbO) precipitation. The chemical equilibria governing PbO formation are well understood. However, insufficient kinetic information is currently available for the development of LBE-based nuclear technology. Here, we report the results of experiments in which the nucleation, growth and dissolution of PbO in LBE during temperature cycling are measured by monitoring dissolved oxygen using potentiometric oxygen sensors. The metastable region, above which PbO nucleation can occur, has been determined under conditions relevant for the operation of LBE cooled nuclear systems and was found to be independent of setup geometry and thus thought to be widely applicable. A kinetic model to describe formation and dissolution of PbO particles in LBE is proposed, based on Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) combined with mass transfer limited growth and dissolution. This model can accurately predict the experimentally observed changes in oxygen concentration due to nucleation, growth and dissolution of PbO, using the effective interfacial energy of a PbO nucleus in LBE as a fitting parameter.The results are invaluable to evaluate the consequences of oxygen ingress in LBE cooled nuclear systems under normal operating and accidental conditions and form the basis for the development of cold trap technology to avoid PbO formation in the primary reactor circuit.

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Section: Pbo Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and growth of lead oxide particles in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic

Gladinez

Rosseel

Lim

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…CLEAR-IA was one of the conceptual designs of China Leadbased Research Reactor (Wu and FDS Team, 2014). The threedimensional CAD model of CLEAR-IA was built with SuperMC as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Modeling Of Clear-iamentioning

confidence: 99%

CAD-based hierarchical geometry conversion method for modeling of fission reactor cores

Gan

Shen

et al. 2016

Annals of Nuclear Energy

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“…Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) had launched the Strategic Priority Research Program of ''the Future Advanced Nuclear Fission Energy-ADS Transmutation System'' to build ADS research facility reactor since 2011 and China LEAd-based Reactor (CLEAR) was selected as the reference reactor in CAS ADS program (Zhan and Xu, 2012;Wu et al, 2014b). Now, some key technologies of Lead-based Reactor have been developed by FDS Team, such as reactor design (Wu and FDS Team, 2006;Wu et al, 2001), neutron transport calculation (Wu and FDS Team, 2009a;Wu et al, 1999), low activation materials (Wu and FDS Team, 2009b;Huang et al, 2004Huang et al, , 2007, heavy liquid metal technology (Wu and FDS Team, 2007;Wu et al, 2000Wu et al, , 2012, integrated simulation (Wu et al, 2014a), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%