Development status of gyrotron setup for ITER ECW system

Денисов, Г. Г.; Litvak, A. G.; Chirkov, A. V.; Eremeev, A. G.; Малыгин, В. И.; Tai, E. M.; Myasnikov, V.E.; Popov, L. G.; Soluyanova, E. A.; Belov, Yu.; Kazansky, I. V.; Круглов, А. В.; Nichiporenko, V. O.; Sokolov, É. N.; Usachev, S. V.; Roy, I. N.

doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2015.7327497

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Gyrotrons for plasma fusion installations usually operate at frequencies 40-170 GHz [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Requested output power of the tubes is about 1 MW and pulse duration is between seconds and thousands seconds (depending on plasma machine parameters).…”

Section: Gyro-devices State-of-the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ITER requirements include also high efficiency of the gyrotrons over 50%, possibility of power modulation with frequency up to 5 kHz, compatibility of the gyrotron complex with ITER control system. In May, 2015 a Russian Prototype of ITER Gyrotron System was completed and its operation was demonstrated [2][3][4][5]. The system includes gyrotron oscillator, liquid-free superconducting magnet, supplementary magnets, several electric power supplies, cooling systems control and protection systems, and other auxiliary units.…”

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New trends in gyrotron development

Денисов

2017

EPJ Web Conf.

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Gyro-devices provide the highest CW or average power of microwaves in centimeter, millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges and therefore they are very attractive as microwave sources for many of applications such as plasma fusion, radiolocation, ion sources, telecommunication, technology, spectroscopy and some other. In last years an essential progress in the device development was demonstrated. The paper presents State-of the Art in the device development, new demands in the parameters enhancement and possible ways to achieve the goals. Gyro-Devices. State-of-the ArtGyrotrons for plasma fusion installations usually operate at frequencies 40-170 GHz [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Requested output power of the tubes is about 1 MW and pulse duration is between seconds and thousands seconds (depending on plasma machine parameters). In ITER installation there will be 24 of 170 GHz gyrotron systems with 1 MW microwave power each. ITER requirements include also high efficiency of the gyrotrons over 50%, possibility of power modulation with frequency up to 5 kHz, compatibility of the gyrotron complex with ITER control system. In May, 2015 a Russian Prototype of ITER Gyrotron System was completed and its operation was demonstrated [2][3][4][5]. The system includes gyrotron oscillator, liquid-free superconducting magnet, supplementary magnets, several electric power supplies, cooling systems control and protection systems, and other auxiliary units. The gyrotron system shows reliable operation with required parameters. In October, 2015 Final Design Review Procedure for the gyrotron system was successfully passed and in 2016 fabrication of the first serial gyrotron system was completed. Megawatt power at very long pulses (300-1000 s) was also demonstrated with gyrotron at 140 GHz frequency for electron-cyclotron systems of EAST (China) and KSTAR (Korea) superconducting tokamaks. Megawatt power gyrotrons with moderate pulse duration from 2 to 10 seconds were developed for TCV, HL-2A, and ASDEX Upgrade tokamaks.There are successful developments of megawatt gyrotrons [1, 6] by European team including industrial company Thales, by CPI (USA), by Japanese cooperation of QST/Toshiba and Tsukuba University. The point worth mentioning is that the new stellarator W7-X is equipped now with 9 gyrotrons capable to operate at 140 GHz frequency and power of 0.8-1.0 MW in 1800 second pulses.Gyro-amplifiers are intrinsically more difficult in realization because of multi-mode microwave systems, but in recent years there is a remarkable progress in their development. At IAP/GYCOM we are developing an original concept of a gyro-TWT that is based on the use of a helically corrugated waveguide that radically changes the dispersion of the modes of a circular waveguide. The operating mode has sufficiently high and almost constant group velocity at zero axial wavenumber which enables broadband operation of the helical-waveguide gyro-TWT with minimum sensitivity to electron velocity spread. A number of experiments have proved the main theoret...

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Section: Gyro-devices State-of-the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

New trends in gyrotron development

Денисов

2017

EPJ Web Conf.

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State-of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers

Thumm

2020

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

291

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STATE-OF-THE-ART OF HIGH POWER GYRO-DEVICES AND FREE ELECTRON MASERSAt present, gyrotron oscillators are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and diagnostics of magnetically confmed plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. 140 GHz gyrotrons with output power Pout = 0.58 MW, pulse length 't = 2.0 s and efficiency 11 = 34 % are commercially available. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver P out = 40 kW with 't = 40 J-lS at frequencies up to 650 GHz (11 2_ 4 %). Recently, gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in matedal processing and plasma chemistry. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f 2. 28 GHz , Pout = 10-30 kW, CW, 11 2. 30 %. This paper reports on achievements and problems related to the development of very high power mm-wave gyrotrons for long pulse or CW operation and describes the microwave technological pecularities of the different development steps. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development of gyrotrons for technological applications, quasi-optical gyrotrons, cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyro-ldystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyro-BWO's and free electron masers (FEMs). The most impressive FEM output parameters are: Pout = 2GW, 't = 20 ns, 11 = 13 % at 140 GHz (LLNL) and Pout = 15 kW, 't = 20 J-tS, 11 = 5 % in the range from 120 to 900 GHz (UCSB). ENTWICKLUNGSSTAND VON HOCHLEISTUNGS-GYRO-RÖHREN UND FREI-ELEKTRONEN-MASERN Übersiebt Gyrotronoszillatoren werden derzeit vorwiegend als Hochleistungsmillimeterwellenquellen für die Elektron-Zyklotron-Resonanzheizung (ECRH) und Diagnostik von magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmen zur Erforschung der Energiegewinnung durch kontrollierte Kernfusion eingesetzt. 140 GHz Gyrotrons mit einer Ausgangsleistung von Pout = 0.58 MW bei Pulslängen von 't = 2.0 s und Wirkungsgraden von • 11 = 34% sind kommerziell erhältlich. Gyrotrons zur Plasmadiagnostik erreichen Frequenzen bis zu 650 GHz bei P out = 40 kW und 't = 40 ~-ts (11 2. 4 %). In jüngster Zeit jedoch finden Gyrotronoszillatoren auch für technologische Prozesse und in der Plasmachemie erfolgreich Verwendung. Dabei werden Röhren mit folgenden Parametern eingesetzt: f 2_ 28 GHz, Pout = 10-30 kW, CW, 11 2. 30 %. In diesem Beitrag wird auf den aktuellen Stand und die Probleme bei der Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-mm-Wellen-Gyrotrons für Langpuls-und Dauerstrichbetrieb sowie auf die mikrowellentechnischen Besonderheiten der einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen eingegangen: Außerdem wird auch kurz über den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung von Gyrotrons für technologische Anwendungen, quasi-optischen Gyrotrons, Zyklotron-Autoresonanz-Masern (CARMs), Gyroklystrons, Gyro-TWT-Verstärkern, Gyro-Rückwärtswellenoszillatoren (BWOs) und Frei-Elektronen-Maser (FEM) berichtet. FEM-Rekordausgangsparameter sind hier: Pout = 2 GW, 't = 20 ns, 11 = 13 % bei 140 GHz (LLNL) und Pout = 15 kW, 't = 20 J-lS, 11 = 5 % im Bereich von 120 bis 900 GHz (UCSB). Contents

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