Development, production, and application of sealed-off copper and gold vapour lasers

Abstract

Recent observations of two-photon absorption within the configuration 4f7 of Gd3+ in LaFs have indicated an anomalously high line strength for the transition 8S7,2+ 6P7,2 compared with .+ 6 P~,~ and *S7;2 -+ 6P3i2. It is shown that the standard expression for the two-photon intensity is unusually small for all three transitions and that a higher-order correction, involving matrix elements of the spin-orbit interaction within the intermediate configuration 4f65d, predominates. The principal term is scalar, implying (in the absence of J mixing by the crystal field) isotropic contributions to the various components of the AJ = 0 transition. The line strengths that have been observed can be accounted for reasonably well without having to invoke variations in the radial integral (4f lr15d) or inadequacies in the closure approximation. Expressions for the transition matrix elements are given for the general configuration iN.

High frequency capacitive discharge pumped Cu+Ne laser

“…2). It should be noted that the typical PRF, when the maximum radiation power is reached, for copper vapor lasers with internal electrodes and a small volume, does not exceed 20 kHz [22][23][24] . At the same time, it is possible to form an excitation mode, for example, at reduced buffer gas pressures, when the optimal PRFs can exceed 50 kHz 25 .…”

“…At the same time, the efficiency of developed lasers reached 0.1-0.15%, which is inferior to analogue lasers with internal electrodes. However, it should be noted that standard CVLs with internal electrodes with a small active zone volume (from 4 to 30 cm 3 ) are characterized by a low efficiency of ~0.3% [22][23][24][25] . Despite this, the simplicity of the GDT design and the simplified pumping circuit with the ability to operate at higher PRFs make such lasers attractive.…”