“…With regard to phytoseiid mites, some research has shown that these chemicals were not directly toxic [42,43,44,67] and others have found negative effects on survival, either by direct exposure or via residues or contaminated prey [38,68]. Adverse effects of consuming neonicotinoid-tainted spider mites have been noted for several predators, and include: higher mortality, reduced mobility, lower feeding rates, and/or reduced fecundity [34,42,43]. There is also evidence that neonicotinoids alter aspects of predator life history (e.g., fecundity), movement, and prey consumption [42,43,44,63,67].…”