Development of ZnO/SnO2/rGO hybrid nanocomposites for effective photocatalytic degradation of toxic dye pollutants from aquatic ecosystems

Efficient adsorption‐photocatalysis activity of ternary ZnO‐Sm2O3‐MgO co‐modified biochar for dye removal

“…46 N 2 adsorption-desorption curves of biochar-based composites (Figure 3d) were type IV with H4 hysteresis loops, meaning the formation of porous structure. 37 BETspecific surface areas of 2-Mg/biochar, b-ZnSm/biochar, and biochar were 427.54, 316.08, and 410.67 m 2 g À1 , respectively (Table 1). The declined surface area was due to MgO, Sm 2 O 3 , and ZnO nanoparticles attached to the biochar surface.…”

“…Because of the strong adsorption activity, ZnO/biochar removes 95.2% methylene blue of 160 mg L −1 within 215 min 36 . However, ZnO has a wide energy band gap (3.37 eV) and low visible‐light utilization, seriously hindering its application in photocatalytic field 37,38 . Hence, rare‐earth metals modifying is a potential route to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO 39,40 .…”

“…36 However, ZnO has a wide energy band gap (3.37 eV) and low visible-light utilization, seriously hindering its application in photocatalytic field. 37,38 Hence, rareearth metals modifying is a potential route to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. 39,40 For instance, lanthanide (La 2 O 3 )-loaded ZnO exhibits the higher rate constant (0.0015 min À1 ) than bare ZnO for methyl orange degradation.…”

Conformationally Tunable Hollow Porous g-SrTiO3/ZnS Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen

“…The escalating depletion of conventional fossil fuels and the mounting issues of environmental pollution present a significant challenge to human society. − Consequently, the quest for a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source has emerged as a pivotal concern. − Within this context, substantially growing focuses have been placed on the semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen production technology, via which solar energy is employed to split water into hydrogen and oxygen with zero emissions. − The elementary process of semiconductor photocatalysis mainly consists of light adsorption (absorbing photon energy to generate photoexcited electron–hole charge carriers), the separation and migration of charge carriers to the surface active sites, at which the redox reaction would be triggered . Till date, a variety of semiconductive catalysts have been explored for photocatalytic water splitting, e.g., ZnO, , ZnS, − ZnIn 2 S 4 , , TiO 2 , − and SnO 2 . Owing to the urgent demand for sustainable energy resources and environmental protection, a more active, stable, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst is required.…”

“…11 Till date, a variety of semiconductive catalysts have been explored for photocatalytic water splitting, e.g., ZnO, 12,13 ZnS, 14−17 ZnIn 2 S 4 , 18,19 TiO 2 , 20−23 and SnO 2 . 24 Owing to the urgent demand for sustainable energy resources and environmental protection, a more active, stable, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst is required.…”