Development of x-ray pore optics: novel high-resolution silicon millipore optics for XEUS and ultralow mass glass micropore optics for imaging and timing

Beijersbergen, Marco W.; Kraft, Stefan; Bavdaz, Marcos; Lumb, D.; Guenther, Ramses; Collon, Maximilien J.; Mieremet, Arjan L.; Fairbend, Ray; Peacock, A.

doi:10.1117/12.552942

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We propose to use the high performance Si-pore optics developed by ESA within the XEUS mission concept to realize a light-weight mirror substrate [2]. Onto this substrate, depth graded multilayer coatings will be applied which act as broad band Bragg reflectors [5].…”

Section: Multilayer Coated Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

GRI: focusing on the evolving violent universe

et al. 2008

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The gamma-ray imager (GRI) is a novel mission concept that will provide an unprecedented sensitivity leap in the soft gamma-ray domain by All authors are on behalf of a large international collaborationThe GRI mission has been proposed as an international collaboration between (in alphabetical order) Belgium (CSR), China (IHEP, Tsinghua Univ.) using for the first time a focusing lens built of Laue diffracting crystals. The lens will cover an energy band from 200-1,300 keV with an effective area reaching 600 cm 2 . It will be complemented by a single reflection multilayer coated mirror, extending the GRI energy band into the hard X-ray regime, down to ∼10 keV. The concentrated photons will be collected by a position sensitive pixelised CZT stack detector. We estimate continuum sensitivities of better than 10 −7 ph cm −2 s −1 keV −1 for a 100 ks exposure; the narrow line sensitivity will be better than 3 × 10 −6 ph cm −2 s −1 for the same integration time. As focusing instrument, GRI will have an angular resolution of better than 30 arcsec within a field of view of roughly 5 arcmin-an unprecedented achievement in the gamma-ray domain. Owing to the large focal length of 100 m of the lens and the mirror, the optics and detector will be placed on two separate spacecrafts flying in formation in a high elliptical orbit. R&D work to enable the lens focusing technology and to develop the required focal plane detector is currently underway, financed by ASI, CNES, ESA, and the Spanish Ministery of Education and Science. The GRI mission has been proposed as class M mission for ESAs Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. GRI will allow studies of particle acceleration processes and explosion physics in unprecedented detail, providing essential clues on the innermost nature of the most violent and most energetic processes in the universe.

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Section: Multilayer Coated Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

GRI: focusing on the evolving violent universe

et al. 2008

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“…The idea was not to concentrate on finding yet another way of producing the most perfect reflecting surface, but to focus from the beginning on the mounting problem of thin shells [17][18][19][20]. In addition, one had to keep mass production in mind, as several thousand m 2 of reflecting surfaces would be required.…”

Section: Silicon Pore Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon pore optics for ATHENA/IXO

et al. 2011

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Silicon pore optics is a technology developed to enable future large area X-ray telescopes, such as the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) or the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA), an L-class candidate mission in the ESA Space Science Programme 'Cosmic Visions 2015-2025'. ATHENA/IXO use nested mirrors in Wolter-I configuration to focus grazing incidence X-ray photons on a detector plane. The x-ray optics will have to meet stringent performance requirements including an effective area of a few m 2 at 1.25 keV and angular resolution between 5(IXO) and 9(ATHENA) arc seconds. To achieve the collecting area requires a total polished mirror surface area close to 1000 m 2 with a surface roughness better than 0.5 nm rms. By using commercial high-quality 12" silicon wafers which are diced, structured, wedged, coated, bent and stacked, the stringent performance requirements can be met without any costly polishing steps. Two of such stacks are then assembled into a co-aligned mirror module, which is a complete X-ray imaging system. Included in the mirror module are the isostatic mounting points, providing a reliable interface to the telescope. Hundreds of such mirror modules are finally integrated into petals, and mounted onto the spacecraft to form an X-ray optic. In this paper we will present the silicon pore optics mass manufacturing process and latest X-ray test results.

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“…With the invention of Silicon Pore Optics [13,14], a solution to the challenge to meet the IXO optics technology requirements was found. The required stiffness is achieved due to the monolithic pore structure of the optic modules that are individually aligned into the optical bench, replacing the mounting approach for individual shells used in more traditional X-ray optic technologies [12,15,16].…”

Section: X-ray Optics and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 2, images A and B, the mounting concept for closed shells and sectors, respectively, is sketched. The Silicon Pore Optics relies on a different mounting concept [13,14,17,18]. The X-ray mirror elements are mounted along densely spaced lines, via ribs, which attach to the back of the mirror element; see Figure 2, image C. These mounting elements (ribs) have two functions: (1) they provide stiffness to the mirror element in the decisive longitudinal direction (parallel to the optical axis), and (2) they distribute the load over a line and not a point.…”

Section: Silicon Pore Optics (Spo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Pore Optics Technologies and Their Application in Space Telescopes

Bavdaz

Collon

Beijersbergen

et al. 2010

X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation

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Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) is a new X-ray optics technology under development in Europe, forming the ESA baseline technology for the International X-ray Observatory candidate mission studied jointly by ESA, NASA, and JAXA. With its matrix-like structure, made of monocrystalline-bonded Silicon mirrors, it can achieve the required angular resolution and low mass density required for future large X-ray observatories. Glass-based Micro Pore Optics (MPO) achieve modest angular resolution compared to SPO, but are even lighter and have achieved sufficient maturity level to be accepted as the X-ray optic technology for instruments on board the Bepi-Colombo mission, due to visit the planet Mercury. Opportunities for technology transfer to ground-based applications include material science, security and scanning equipment, and medical diagnostics. Pore X-ray optics combine high performance with modularity and economic industrial production processes, ensuring cost effective implementation.

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Development of x-ray pore optics: novel high-resolution silicon millipore optics for XEUS and ultralow mass glass micropore optics for imaging and timing

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

GRI: focusing on the evolving violent universe

GRI: focusing on the evolving violent universe

Design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon pore optics for ATHENA/IXO

X-Ray Pore Optics Technologies and Their Application in Space Telescopes

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