Development of Wood Polymer Composites from Recycled Wood and Plastic Waste: Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Nukala, Satya Guha; Kong, Ing; Kakarla, Akesh Babu; Kong, Win; Kong, Wei

doi:10.3390/jcs6070194

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The reinforcing effect of mukwa wood fibers improved the toughness of mukwa-PLA interface, increasing the overall hardness of neat PLA. A similar trend has been observed on polymeric composites reinforced with lignocellulosic material (Nukala, Kong, et al 2022, Nukala, Kong, et al 2022a, Das, Sarmah and Bhattacharyya 2016.…”

Section: Hardness Testingsupporting

confidence: 85%

The Water Absorption and Thermal Properties of Green Pterocarpus Angolensis ( Mukwa )-Polylactide Composites

Setswalo

Oladijo

Namoshe

et al. 2022

Journal of Natural Fibers

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The water absorption, chemical resistance and biological properties are contributing factors to the overall performance of bio-composites, especially for outdoor applications. The functional properties of bio-composites are dependent on the interfacial bonding mechanism, which is controlled by the surface modification and processing parameters of natural fibers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential of enhancing the mukwa/polylactide (mukwa/PLA) interface through an economic and ecological surface modification of recycled mukwa wood fibers via alkali-laccase modification. The fabricated biocomposites intended for making durable farm poles for semi-arid conditions of Southern Africa were characterised via water absorption, chemical resistance, thickness swelling, hardness and thermal properties. Less thickness swelling and water absorption were found on the alkali-laccase/PLA composites. The less-dense (1.09 g/cm 3 ) alkali-laccase treated composites showed better chemical resistance.Much swelling of the composites was observed on the 40% nitric acid (HNO3), while 60%NaOH shrunk the composites and PLA by <3.5%. The laccase/PLA biocomposite showed a maximum thermal stability of 733 ˚C. The activation energy (Ea) optimised on the laccase/PLA composite with the highest of 104 kJ mol -1 .Maximum crystallinity of 45.8% was achieved on the untreated/PLA composites.The alkali-laccase modification maximised the hardness of composites with 35.45 HV on alkali-laccase/PLA.

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Section: Hardness Testingsupporting

confidence: 85%

The Water Absorption and Thermal Properties of Green Pterocarpus Angolensis ( Mukwa )-Polylactide Composites

Setswalo

Oladijo

Namoshe

et al. 2022

Journal of Natural Fibers

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“…The standard error of the mean is represented by error bars in all the figures, and the significance level of the p -value of ≤0.05 was determined to be significant (*). The analysis was performed based on the following literature [ 29 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Biodegradable Composites Using Polycaprolactone and Bamboo Powder

et al. 2022

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The use of biodegradable polymers in daily life is increasing to reduce environmental hazards. In line with this, the present study aimed to develop a fully biodegradable polymer composite that was environmentally friendly and exhibited promising mechanical and thermal properties. Bamboo powder (BP)-reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) composites were prepared using the solvent casting method. The influence of BP content on the morphology, wettability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the neat matrix was evaluated. In addition, the degradation properties of the composites were analysed through soil burial and acidic degradation tests. It was revealed that BP contents had an evident influence on the properties of the composites. The increase in the BP content has significantly improved the tensile strength of the PCL matrix. A similar trend is observed for thermal stability. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated uniform dispersion of the BP in the PCL matrix. The degradation tests revealed that the biocomposites with 40 wt·% of BP degraded by more than 20% within 4 weeks in the acidic degradation test and more than 5% in the soil burial degradation test. It was noticed that there was a considerable difference in the degradation between the PCL matrix and the biocomposites of PCL and BP. These results suggest that biodegradable composites could be a promising alternative material to the existing synthetic polymer composites.

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“…A significance level of the p -value of ≤0.05 was determined to be significant (*). Error bars in all figures represent the standard error of the mean [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterisation of Wood Polymer Composites Using Sustainable Raw Materials

et al. 2022

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In recent years, composites consisting of polymers and cellulosic materials have attracted increasing research attention. Polypropylene (PP) is among the most common polymer types found in excavated waste from landfills. Moreover, wood waste generated from wood products manufacturing such as sawdust (SD) offers a good potential for the fabrication of composite materials, and it is readily available in the environment. In this paper, wood polymer composites (WPC) consisting of recycled PP (rPP) and (SD) were prepared and characterised. A range of mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural properties, creep and hardness were studied, along with morphology, thermal properties, water degradation and contact angle. The results showed that the mechanical and thermal properties of rPP increased with an increase in 40 wt% of the SD content. Furthermore, the SD content significantly influenced the water uptake of the composites. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) was applied to predict the long-term mechanical performance from short-term accelerated creep tests at a range of elevated temperatures. The short-term creep test showed efficient homogeneity between the fillers and matrix with increasing temperature. The produced wood polymer composites displayed a comparable physical property to virgin polymer and wood and could potentially be used for various structural materials.

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Development of Wood Polymer Composites from Recycled Wood and Plastic Waste: Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

The Water Absorption and Thermal Properties of Green Pterocarpus Angolensis ( Mukwa )-Polylactide Composites

The Water Absorption and Thermal Properties of Green Pterocarpus Angolensis ( Mukwa )-Polylactide Composites

Development of Biodegradable Composites Using Polycaprolactone and Bamboo Powder

Preparation and Characterisation of Wood Polymer Composites Using Sustainable Raw Materials

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