Development of under-ground baiting technique for control of rats in rice fields in Pakistan

Khan, A. A.; Munir, Shahid; Shakoori, A. R.

doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(98)00007-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…10 ZnP bait is applied at 1 kg per hectare resulting in approximately two to three grains of bait per square metre. ZnP is commonly used to control rodent pests in many countries in a range of crops, not just broadacre grain crops, including sugarcane, 11 alfalfa, 12 coconut, 13 , 14 rice, 14 , 15 , 16 and fields and forests. 17 , 18 The applicability and use of ZnP baits across a range of crop types is well illustrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Henry

Brown

Weyer

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: House mice (Mus musculus) cause significant, ongoing losses to grain crops in Australia, particularly during mouse plagues. Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain is used for control, but with variable success. In a laboratory setting, we tested if mice would (i) switch from consumption of one grain type to another when presented with an alternative and (ii) consume ZnP-treated grains when presented as a choice with a different grain.RESULTS: Mice readily switched from their background grain to an alternative grain, preferring cereals (wheat or barley) over lentils. Mice readily consumed ZnP-coated barley grains. Their mortality rate was significantly higher (86%, n = 30) in the presence of a less-favoured grain (lentils) compared to their mortality rate (47%, n = 29; 53%, n = 30) in the presence of a morefavoured grain (wheat and barley, respectively). Mice died between 4 and 112 h (median = 18 h) after consuming one or more toxic grains. Independent analysis of ZnP-coated grains showed variable toxin loading indicating that consumption of a single grain would not guarantee intake of a lethal dose. There was also a strong and rapid behavioural aversion if mice did not consume a lethal dose on the first night. CONCLUSIONS:The registered dose rate of 25 g of ZnP/kg wheat (∼1 mg of ZnP/grain) in Australia needs to be re-evaluated to determine what factors may be contributing to variation in efficacy. Further field research is also required to understand the complex association between ZnP dose, and quantity and quality of background food on efficacy of ZnP baits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Henry

Brown

Weyer

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ZnP bait is applied at 1 kg per hectare resulting in approximately 2-3 grains of bait per square metre. Zinc phosphide is commonly used to control rodent pests in many countries in a range of crops, not just broadacre grain crops, including sugarcane [11], alfalfa [12], coconut [13,14], rice [14,15,16], and fields and forests [17,18]. The applicability and use of ZnP baits across a range of crop types is well illustrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Henry

Brown

Weyer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: House mice (Mus musculus) cause significant, ongoing losses to grain crops in Australia, particularly during mouse plagues. Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain is used for control, but with variable success. In a laboratory setting, we tested if mice would (1) switch from consumption of one grain type to another when presented with an alternative, and (2) consume ZnP-treated grains when presented as a choice with a different grain. RESULTS: Mice readily switched from their background grain to an alternative grain, preferring cereals (wheat or barley) over lentils. Mice readily consumed ZnP-coated barley grains. Their mortality rate was significantly higher (86%, n=30) in the presence of a less-favoured grain (lentils) compared to their mortality rate (47%, n=29; and 53%, n=30) in the presence of a more-favoured grain (wheat and barley, respectively). Mice died between 4-112 h (median = 18 h) after consuming one or more toxic grains. Independent analysis of ZnP-coated grains showed variable toxin loading indicating that consumption of a single grain would not guarantee intake of a lethal dose. There was also a strong and rapid behavioural aversion if mice did not consume a lethal dose on the first night. CONCLUSIONS: The registered dose rate of 25 g ZnP/kg wheat; ~ 1 mg ZnP/grain in Australia needs to be re-evaluated to determine what factors may be contributing to variation in efficacy. Further field research is also required to understand the complex association between ZnP dose, and quantity and quality of background food on efficacy of ZnP baits.

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“…Compared to liquid anti‐fertility bait (such as ContraPest©) that depends on using containers, solid bait offers more options for delivery. These include subsurface baiting (Khan 1998; Arjo & Nolte 2004), surface broadcast (Dunlevy et al. 2000), and the use of bait boxes (Spurr et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

2023

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Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife, including rodents. The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods, increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission, particularly of zoonoses. We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species. Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad‐scale rodent management. The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and, at times, in parallel, with initial research being conducted on (1) laboratory‐based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals; (2) simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of a field‐based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected; (3) development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios; and (4) implementation of large‐scale, replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management‐scale field situations. In some circumstances, fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods (e.g. some culling). Assessment of non‐target effects, direct and indirect, and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined. Developing fertility control for a species is a resource‐intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

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Development of under-ground baiting technique for control of rats in rice fields in Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

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