Development of Ultrafine–Grained and Nanostructured Bioinert Alloys Based on Titanium, Zirconium and Niobium and Their Microstructure, Mechanical and Biological Properties

Abstract

For this paper, studies of the microstructure as well as the mechanical and biological properties of bioinert titanium, zirconium, and niobium alloys in their nanostructured (NS) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) states have been completed. The NS and UFG states were formed by a combined two-step method of severe plastic deformation (SPD), first with multidirectional forging (MDF) or pressing into a symmetrical channel (PSC) at a given temperature regime, and then subsequent multi-pass groove rolling (MPGR) at room temperature, with pre-recrystallization annealing. Annealing increased the plasticity of the alloys in the NS and UFG states without changing the grain size. The UFG structure, with an average size of structural elements of no more than 0.3 μm, was formed as a result of applying two-step SPD and annealing. This structure presented significant improvement in the mechanical characteristics of the alloys, in comparison with the alloys in the coarse-grained (CG) or small-grained (SG) states. At the same time, although the formation of the UFG structure leads to a significant increase in the yield strength and tensile strength of the alloys, their elastic modulus did not change. In terms of biocompatibility, the cultivation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on the polished and sandblasted substrates demonstrated high cell viability after 10 days and good cell adhesion to the surface.

Impact of tetra ethyl ortho-silicate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate on dielectric characteristics of forsterite powder

“…Such implants can restore the proper functioning of various human body parts. However, implant material should be biocompatible, bioinert and biofunctional inside the human body [7][8][9]. Medical implants from such body-compatible material prevent the surrounding tissue from toxicity, and inflammation [10] and are more efficient.…”

Effects of Severe Plastic Deformation on Advanced Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Brief Overview

“…24,25) In this sense, nanostructured biomaterials show improved compatibility and bioactivity towards osteoblast and fibroblast cells with significantly increased cell adhesion and proliferation on the surface. 22,23) Moreover, the levels of protein adsorption, cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation are higher in nanostructured material compared with conventional materials. 23) All these physiological processes associated with the interaction of human cells and the surface of biomaterials are greatly favored at the nanometer scale ensuring good osseointegration.…”

“…22,23) Moreover, the levels of protein adsorption, cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation are higher in nanostructured material compared with conventional materials. 23) All these physiological processes associated with the interaction of human cells and the surface of biomaterials are greatly favored at the nanometer scale ensuring good osseointegration. 22,23) Titanium and its alloys are widely used as biomaterials mainly due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, low stiffness, low density and high corrosion resistance.…”

“…23) All these physiological processes associated with the interaction of human cells and the surface of biomaterials are greatly favored at the nanometer scale ensuring good osseointegration. 22,23) Titanium and its alloys are widely used as biomaterials mainly due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, low stiffness, low density and high corrosion resistance. 2632) Indeed, titanium and its alloys have superior biocompatibility in comparison with the conventional biomaterials used in the medical industry such as CoCrMo and 316L stainless steel.…”

Comparative Investigation of the Influence of Ultrafine-Grained State on Deformation and Temperature Behavior and Microstructure Formed during Quasi-Static Tension of Pure Titanium and Ti-45Nb Alloy by Means of Infrared Thermography

“…Over the past decades, significant efforts of researchers in many countries have been directed to studying the microstructure and properties of NS and UFG materials [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. A significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties of UFG and NS materials from coarse-grained (CG) materials is associated with the features of their microstructure, namely, with a large volume fraction of non-equilibrium grain boundaries, a high concentration of point and linear defects at near grain boundaries, as well as with a high density of dislocations [ 31 ].…”