Development of ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry assays to analyze potential biomarkers in sweat

Abstract

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were required to afford the rapid separation and detection of purines and small organic acids. These compounds are found in sweat and sebum and are potential biomarkers for the early detection of pressures sores. Two ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays have been successfully developed for both classes of compounds. Separation for purines was achieved using a gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol with a 1-aminoanthracene sub 2 μm particle size column followed by positive ion electrospray ionization. Separation for organic acids was achieved using a gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol (50 mM ammonium acetate 2% water) with a Diol sub 2 μm particle size column followed by negative ion electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were created in the absence of internal standards and R 2 values > 0.96 were achieved using single ion monitoring methods for the protonated purines and the deprotonated acids. The two new assays afford rapid analytical methods for the separation and detection of potential biomarkers in human sweat leading to the early detection and prevention of pressure sores.

Machine learning-enhanced drug testing for simultaneous morphine and methadone detection in urinary biofluids

“…Over the past decades, various methodologies have emerged to detect MOR, MET, and UA accurately. These encompass high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 14 , liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) 15 , spectroscopy 16 , supercritical fluid chromatography 17 , and chemiluminescence 18 . Although these techniques demonstrate commendable sensitivity and remarkable reliability, their practical utility is constrained by certain drawbacks, including time-consuming procedures, the necessity for sample pre-treatment, analytical complexity, and the associated costs and labor intensiveness 19 , 20 .…”

Use of N‐(4‐aminophenyl)piperidine derivatization to improve organic acid detection with supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry

“…Additionally, its faster re-equilibration time provides for higher analytical throughput than HILIC [15]. SFC-MS has specifically been used for the analysis of organic acids in multiple reports [14][15][16]. However, negative ionization mode is still typically employed for ESI in these methods, which can decrease sensitivity [17].…”