Development of two new cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines in <i>Brassica juncea</i> through wide hybridization

Malik, Minnie; Vyas, Poonam; Rangaswamy, N. S.; Shivanna, K. R.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118001075.x

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…6C). These structures resemble the thirdwhorl filamentous organs observed in several Arabidopsis mutants including ufo (Wilkinson and Haughn, 1995), afo (Kumaran et al, 1999), and fil (Sawa et al, 1999), and have also been observed in species hybrids (Michaelis, 1954;Malik et al, 1999;Matsuzuwa et al, 1999).…”

Section: Variation For Developmental Traits and Chromosome Assortmentmentioning

confidence: 67%

Arabidopsis Species Hybrids in the Study of Species Differences and Evolution of Amphiploidy in Plants

et al. 2000

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It is estimated that 5 million years of evolution separate Arabidopsis thaliana from its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata. The two taxa differ by many characteristics, and together they exemplify the differentiation of angiosperms into self-fertilizing and cross-fertilizing species as well as annual and perennial species. Despite their disparate life histories, the two species can be crossed to produce viable and vigorous hybrids exhibiting heterotic effects. Although pollen sterile, the hybrids produce viable ovules and were used as female parent in backcrosses to both parental species. The resulting backcross plants exhibited transgressive variation for a number of interesting developmental and growth traits as well as negative nuclear/ cytoplasmic interactions. Moreover, the genesis of a fertile amphidiploid neospecies, apparently by spontaneous somatic doubling in an interspecific hybrid, was observed in the laboratory. The mechanisms responsible for the generation of amphiploids and the subsequent evolution of amphiploid genomes can now be studied through direct observation using the large arsenal of molecular tools available for Arabidopsis.Plant growth and development have traditionally been studied by generating relevant mutations or by analyzing naturally occurring variants within a species. In only a few cases has the tremendous interspecies variation that was generated over the millions of years of evolution been used. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that natural variability is a major resource that could complement traditional approaches. Thus, in the model plant Arabidopsis, intraspecific genetic variation has been noted among different geographical isolates, and this variation, which is largely quantitative in nature, is being subjected to analytical methods developed for the analysis of quantitative trait loci in crop plants (for review, see Alonso-Blanco and Koornneef, 2000). However, the enormous store of natural variation that is manifest in interspecies differences has remained largely untapped.Wide crosses and interspecific hybridizations have been used to investigate the genetic basis of complex traits that differentiate varieties within a species as well as related species in several plant families (Doebley et al

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Section: Variation For Developmental Traits and Chromosome Assortmentmentioning

confidence: 67%

Arabidopsis Species Hybrids in the Study of Species Differences and Evolution of Amphiploidy in Plants

et al. 2000

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“…Owing to this, reports describing vegetative alterations in CMS plants are not common. Nevertheless, reduced plant height and retarded vegetative growth have been reported in plants from other alloplasmic CMS systems such as B. juncea (Malik et al, 1999), N. tabacum (+Hyoscyamus niger) cybrids (Zubko et al, 2001), alloplasmic N. tabacum lines (I Farbos, unpublished results), and T. aestivum (Ikeda and Tsunewaki, 1996). Of relevance is that two N. sylvestris CMS plants characterized by large mtDNA deletions leading to the absence of the NAD7 subunit of complex I, developed slowly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Modified sucrose, starch, and ATP levels in two alloplasmic male-sterile lines of B. napus

Teixeira

Knorpp

Glimelius

2005

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Alloplasmic lines of Brassica napus with rearranged Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial DNA are male sterile and vegetatively altered compared with B. napus cv. Hanna. The CMS lines contain pure nuclear and plastid genomes from B. napus. Cross-sections of leaves revealed elevated starch accumulation and a higher number of chloroplasts per cell area in CMS plants compared with B. napus. The increase in chloroplast density was found to be the result of the smaller mesophyll cells. Sucrose concentration in the leaves of the CMS lines was reduced both in green leaves as well as in leaves from 2 d-etiolated plants. Flower meristem, flower buds, and leaves from green and 2 detiolated plants were analysed for ATP and ADP contents. All CMS plant tissues, except for green leaves, possessed lower ATP levels than B. napus. The results indicate that the reduced availability of energy, i.e. ATP and sucrose in the CMS plants, limits plant growth. This is supported by the reduced levels of two D-type cyclin transcripts and the reduced capacity of the CMS plants to recover after etiolation.

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“…Cybrids from e.g. Nicotiana (Aviv and Galun 1986;De Paepe et al 1990;Gutierres et al 1997) and Brassica juncea (Malik et al 1999), resembled the fertile type in most features, but the male-sterile lines were usually shorter and retarded in growth. These alterations were stably transmitted through sexual generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although reports about vegetative development are less frequent, mtDNA rearrangements associated with reduced growth and abnormal vegetative development have been reported in maize (Newton and Coe 1986), in tobacco (Bonnett et al 1993) and in wheat (Ikeda and Tsuunewaki 1996). Furthermore, Kirti et al (1995) and Malik et al (1999) found variation in flowering time in Brassica juncea combined with cytoplasms from other Brassica species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Brassica napus lines with rearranged Arabidopsis mitochondria display CMS and a range of developmental aberrations

et al. 2002

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Numerous Brassica napus (+) Arabidopsis thaliana somatic hybrids were screened for male sterility and aberrant flower phenotypes. Nine hybrids were selected and backcrossed recurrently to B. napus. The resulting lines displayed stable maternal inheritance of flower phenotypes. Nuclear and organellar genomes were characterized molecularly using RFLP analysis. No DNA from A. thaliana was found in the nuclear genome after six back-crosses, whilst the mitochondrial genomes contained rearranged DNA from both A. thaliana and B. napus. Each line tested had a unique RFLP pattern of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that remained unchanged between the BC(3) and BC(6) generation. The plastid genomes consisted of B. napus DNA. Five lines of the BC(5) generation were subjected to more comprehensive investigations of growth, morphology and fertility. On the basis of these investigations, the five CMS lines could be assigned to two groups, one represented by three lines displaying reduced vegetative development, complete male sterility, and homeotic conversions of stamens into feminized structures. The second group, represented by the other two lines, were not completely male-sterile but still displayed severely affected flower morphologies. These two lines did not display any reduction in vegetative development. For both groups only stamens and petals suffered from the morphological and functional aberrations, while the sepals and pistils displayed normal morphology. All plants were fully female-fertile. Different rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome disturbed nuclear-mitochondrial interactions and led to various types of aberrant growth and flower development. The existence of numerous CMS lines with different mitochondrial patterns involving a species with a sequenced genome offers new opportunities to investigate the genetic regulation of CMS and its associated developmental perturbations.

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Development of two new cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines in Brassica juncea through wide hybridization

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Arabidopsis Species Hybrids in the Study of Species Differences and Evolution of Amphiploidy in Plants

Arabidopsis Species Hybrids in the Study of Species Differences and Evolution of Amphiploidy in Plants

Modified sucrose, starch, and ATP levels in two alloplasmic male-sterile lines of B. napus

Brassica napus lines with rearranged Arabidopsis mitochondria display CMS and a range of developmental aberrations

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