Development of two Danish building typologies for residential buildings

Building stock characteristics and energy performance of residential buildings in Eastern-European countries

“…The results of these projects have been published in several scientific articles, all with a different focus: the residential building stock of Greece has been modelled using the typology developed [13], while [14] demonstrated the energy performance of French residential buildings from a fuel poverty perspective using national statistics. In [15], the differences between topdown and bottom-up approaches in energy statistics has been showcased for Denmark. Research has also been carried out on a larger scale in [16], identifying 72 building types in the entire EU-25.…”

Interior insulation—Characterisation of the historic, solid masonry building segment and analysis of the heat saving potential by 1d, 2d, and 3d simulation

“…With today's focus on reducing energy consumption, Danish multi-storey buildings with solid masonry walls receive increasing attention due to their large potential for energy conservation and consequent reduction of CO2 emissions [2,3]. Multi-storey buildings have previously been studied extensively [4,5], and it was found that a great part of the buildings with solid masonry walls were typically built in the period 1850-1930, and to some degree in the period .…”

“…Multi-storey buildings from 1850-1930 and 1930-1950 have a high energy consumption for space heating and domestic hot water of approximately 155 kWh/m², which could potentially be reduced to approximately 60 kWh/m², which is almost the level required for rather new buildings built according to the Danish Building Regulations 2010 [3]. In a later work [2] the space heating and domestic hot water demands for buildings from the same period was calculated to be 150 kWh/m². Total energy consumption, for all multi-storey building from the periods 1851-1930 and 1931-1950, was calculated to be 4.35 TWh/year and 2.35 TWh/year respectively, corresponding to approximately 3.2 % and 1.7 % of the total energy used for space heating and domestic hot water in Denmark.…”

Handling data uncertainties when using Swedish energy performance certificate data to describe energy usage in the building stock

“…The biggest problem of the study is reported to be uncertainties regarding data quality. The Danish EPC system has also been criticized for being too expensive and the data unreliable [22], but the data has been used to describe the Danish building stock [11].…”

“…However, the data quality of the Swedish EPCs has been criticized [9,10]. The purpose of this paper is to assess and remediate the data uncertainty in the Gothenburg EPC data to be used to produce a comprehensive overview of energy usage in the building stock, as did Kragh and Wittchen [11] for the Danish building stock with different preconditions. The EPC database is compared with billing data from Riksbyggen, a real estate company with a portfolio of 170 000 apartments of which 13 500 are in Gothenburg, as well as data from the Gothenburg Housing and Urban Development office (HUD, Swedish translation: Stadsbyggnadskontoret).…”