Development of trail, a simulation code for the molten salt electrorefining of spent nuclear fuel

Separation behaviors of actinides from rare-earths in molten salt electrorefining using saturated liquid cadmium cathode

“…The separation factors of RE elements were a little larger than the values denoted by 'Annealed'. According to the 'diffusion layer model' [17], electrorefining develops gradients in the concentration of An and RE elements in the molten salt due to the ion transfer. Consequently, the ratios of RE elements to Pu in the salt on the cathode surface are different from those in the bulk salt analyzed.…”

“…Since the solubility of An elements is approximately 4 wt% in liquid Cd at 773 K of the operation temperature [5,6], the electrorefining proceeds forming some solid precipitate in the saturated Cd cathode. In addition, the transfer of the An and RE elements during the electrorefining generate concentration gradient in the molten salt, causing that the concentrations in the salt on the cathode surface vary from those in the bulk salt [17].…”

Modeling of anodic dissolution of U–Pu–Zr ternary alloy in the molten LiCl–KCl electrolyte

“…The calculation model for the spent metallic fuel anode in this study is based on the one-dimensional diffusion layer model in TRAIL [11]. As well as in TRAIL, reversibility of the electrode reactions, i.e.…”

“…The thickness of this layer is assumed to be equal to the difference between the radius of the initial and residual alloy. The maximum thickness of the outer diffusion layer was assumed to be 0.005 cm based on the evaluation for a solid cathode in a small-scale electrorefiner [11].…”

Three-dimensional multispecies current density simulation of molten-salt electrorefining

“…Numerous researches for one-or two-dimensional electrorefiner modeling have been studied and these approaches show a good agreement with experimental data [14,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, geometrical and compositional non-uniformity cannot be estimated by one-or two-dimensional simulation code.…”