Development of torsional-vibration systems used for high frequency ultrasonic plastic welding

Experimental method for vibration analysis of a bolt-clamped ultrasonic transducer

“…The bolt-clamped ultrasonic transducer is widely used in the field of ultrasonic dynamic applications, such as ultrasonic welding machines and ultrasonic homogenizers [1][2][3]. The bolt-clamped transducers have been applied to both low-frequency and high-frequency high-power ultrasound [4][5][6]. In particularly, in the fields where the driving frequency greatly affects its result, such as ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic chemistry, and ultrasonic petroleum exploitation, a multi-frequency ultrasonic transducer is required.…”