Development of Three Way Catalyst Aging Model: Application to Real Driving Emission Condition

Louvetel-Poilly, Julie Le; Balaji, Shankar; Lafossas, Francois

doi:10.4271/2019-24-0047

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For these reasons, the development of a modelling tool to estimate catalyst durability is attractive, although complex. The work of Le Louvetel-Poilly et al [124] presents a model describing, for example, the ageing of a TWC. The main idea is to identify a set of ageing parameters and related ageing laws which depends on the type of the PGM used and affects the connected chemistries.…”

Section: Modelling and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

et al. 2021

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This paper reviews the recent advances in the management of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the internal combustion engine of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, addressing both technical and legal aspects. Particular focus is devoted to the often-virtuous interaction between new legislation imposing more restrictions on the permitted pollutant emission levels and new technologies developed in order to meet these restrictions. The review begins first with the American and then European directives promulgated in the 1970s, aimed at limiting emissions of pollutants from road transport vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of the Euro standards in the European Union for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, used as a legal and time frame reference for the evolution of emission aftertreatment systems (ATSs). The paper also describes governmental approaches implemented for the control of pollutant emissions in circulating vehicles, such as market surveillance and in-service conformity. In parallel, it is explained how the gradual introduction of small-scale devices aimed at the NOx control, such as lean NOx traps (LNTs) systems, and, most of all, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, permitted the application to road-transport vehicles of this ATS, originally designed in larger sizes for industrial usage. The paper reviews chemical processes occurring in SCR systems and their advantages and drawbacks with respect to the pollutant emission limits imposed by the legislation. Their potential side effects are also addressed, such as the emission of extra, not-yet regulated pollutants such as, for example, NH3 and N2O. The NOx, N2O, and NH3 emission level evolution with the various Euro standards for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles are reported in the light of experimental data obtained at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. It is observed that the new technologies, boosted by increasingly stricter legal limits, have led in the last two decades to a clear decrease of over one order of magnitude of NOx emissions in Diesel light-duty vehicles, bringing them to the same level as Euro 6 gasoline vehicles (10 mg/km to 20 mg/km in average). On the other hand, an obvious increase in the emissions of both NH3 and N2O is observed in both Diesel and gasoline light-duty vehicles, whereby NH3 emissions in spark-ignition vehicles are mainly linked to two-reaction mechanisms occurring in three-way catalysts after the catalyst light-off and during engine rich-operation. NH3 emissions measured in recent Euro 6 light-duty vehicles amount to a few mg/km for both gasoline and Diesel engines, whereby N2O emissions exceeding a dozen mg/km have been observed in Diesel vehicles only. The present paper can be regarded as part of a general assessment in view of the next EU emission standards, and a discussion on the role the SCR technology may serve as a NOx emission control strategy from lean-burn vehicles.

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Section: Modelling and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

et al. 2021

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“…The TWC's thermal aging model is established using the Arrhenius equation [ 7 , 29 ], which has been detailedly introduced in our previous study [ 27 ]. A “relative TWC lifespan” concept which has been defined in Ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NG's high-temperature exhaust is the main reason causing the thermal aging of TWCs due to sintering and loss of active sites [ 6 ]. The extent of thermal aging increases with exhaust temperature and residual time [ 7 ]. Many studies have tried to extend the durability of engine after-treatment catalysts by changing the materials [ 8 , 9 ], structures [ 6 , 10 ], and production processes [ 11 , 12 ], but challenges persist [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decelerating catalyst aging of natural gas engines using organic Rankine cycle under road conditions

Wang,

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…These methods of addressing the reaction scheme are classified as elementary or global reaction models. The former is suitable for expressing actual phenomena more precisely, , whereas the latter, which generally has a lighter calculation load and higher robustness for calculation stability, tends to have been preferred more in recent studies due to increasing needs for performance simulation in transient mode. − Limiting the scope to SHEVs, many investigations have focused on power control systems and fuel economy, whereas those focusing on emissions are scarce. Therefore, in our previous studies, we performed a vehicle test on a commercially produced SHEV and investigated the attributes of the engine emission. , Then, in terms of close-coupled TWCs (cc-TWCs), a numerical 1-D model that can achieve favorable reproducibility for light-off test results under a wide range of λ conditions, including amounts of byproducts (such as NH 3 and N 2 O), was built by introducing kinetic parameter control (KPC) along with λ. KPC is a control method that involves switching rate constants along with λ by providing two or three sets of kinetic parameters and λ threshold values to switch them for each global reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling on a Three-Way Catalyst Used in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles Focusing on Its Catalytic Behavior at Cold Start

Okajima

Sivakumar

Shingyouchi

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Exhaust gas from series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) engines has characteristics different from those of conventional gasoline and parallel HEVs because there is a trend of iterated intermittent steady-state engine operation at a specific high-efficiency point and engine stop. A catalyst model that can reproduce the purification performance of a close-coupled three-way catalyst against the distinctive emissions of SHEVs was previously developed; however, improving the estimation accuracy in the period from a cold start to the completion of the light-off process remains challenging. To overcome this issue, the redox behavior of Rh was investigated in this study. After transient mode tests, the catalyst surface was oxidized due to exposure to high temperatures and an oxidative atmosphere for some time, causing activation deterioration. The activation promoted through light-off from the deteriorated state at cold start was modeled by introducing a rate equation with Arrhenius form to express the activation process. The completed model reproduced the performance trend in lean and rich iteration tests in a model gas experiment and achieved favorable estimation accuracy in worldwide light-duty test cycle mode calculation.

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Development of Three Way Catalyst Aging Model: Application to Real Driving Emission Condition

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

Decelerating catalyst aging of natural gas engines using organic Rankine cycle under road conditions

Modeling on a Three-Way Catalyst Used in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles Focusing on Its Catalytic Behavior at Cold Start

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