Development of thiamine and pyridoxine loaded ferulic acid-grafted chitosan microspheres for dietary supplementation

Abstract

Therapeutic potential of water soluble vitamins has been known for long and in recent times they are being widely supplemented in processed food. Phenolic acid-grafted chitosan derivatives can serve as excellent biofunctional encapsulating materials for these vitamins. As a proof of concept, thiamine and pyridoxine loaded ferulic acid-grafted chitosan microspheres were developed. Ferulic acid was successfully grafted on chitosan by a free radical mediated reaction and the structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR analysis. When compared to FTIR spectra of chitosan, intensity of amide I (at around 1644 cm(-1)) and amide II (at around 1549 cm(-1)) bands in spectra of ferulic acid-grafted chitosan were found increased, indicating formation of new amide linkage. Strong signals at δ = 6.3-7.9 ppm corresponding to methine protons of ferulic acid were observed in NMR spectra of ferulic acid-grafted chitosan, suggesting the successful grafting of ferulic acid onto chitosan. Grafting ratio of the derivative was 263 mg ferulic acid equivalent/g polymer. Positively charged particles (zeta potential 31 mv) of mean diameter 4.5 and 4.8 μ, corresponding to number distribution and area distribution respectively were observed. Compact microspheres with smooth surfaces and no apparent cracks or pores were observed under scanning electron microscope. Efficient microencapsulation was further proved by X-ray diffraction patterns and thermal analysis. Preliminary anti-inflammatory activity of the vitamin-loaded microspheres was demonstrated.

Evaluation of Extrusion Temperatures, Pelleting Parameters, and Vitamin Forms on Vitamin Stability in Feed

“…Microencapsulation could also minimize contact with carbonyl groups of reducing sugars. Increased thermal stability of microencapsulation was also observed by Chatterjee et al [45].…”

Sardine oil loaded vanillic acid grafted chitosan microparticles, a new functional food ingredient: attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyoblast cell lines (H9c2)

“…Recently, application of gallic acid-grafted chitosan in delivery of bioactive components has been reported (Hu et al 2015(Hu et al , 2016. Our previous publication also reported application of ferulic acid-grafted chitosan for microencapsulation and controlled release of thiamine and pyridoxine (Chatterjee et al 2016).…”

In situ forming oxygen/ROS-responsive niche-like hydrogel enabling gelation-triggered chemotherapy and inhibition of metastasis

“…1 d confirm the presence of the FA unit (in berry red shade: at 1520 cm −1 and 1630 cm −1 are ascribed to the amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ, respectively, in yellow green shade: at 3500 cm −1 is ascribed to the phenolic hydroxyl group from FA) and TK linker (in orange shade: at 650 cm −1 is attributed to the vibration of C–S from TK) on the CS backbone (in dark cyan shade: at 2990 cm −1 is associated with the C–H stretching from CS). Moreover, the increase in intensity of the band at 1250 cm −1 (in blue shade), is associated with S O stretching characteristic of PAZ, confirming the graft of PAZ to the modified CS [ 43 , 44 ].…”