Development of the Youth Emotion Picture Set

Abstract

Several facial expression image sets have been developed. Nevertheless, there is a lack of facial expression sets comprising adolescents' images depicting all basic emotions. This study aimed to fill this gap through the development of an image database of youth facial expressions, containing pictures of six basic emotions plus neutral. Posed and spontaneous expressions were collected from 31 youths, 12 to 20 years old; 2,279 frames were obtained, and an initial screening was conducted through the exclusion of similar frames, low intensity images, and ambiguous or blended expressions; 256 frames met criteria and were rechecked by two expert judges. Images were retained if they depicted all the prototypical features of the designated expression. A final selection was conducted to assure an image set that covered all age ranges, both sexes and an even number of images by expression, resulting in 42 frames (21 male, six of each emotion). Expert judges, independent adults, independent teenagers, and a software validation were used to assure database validity. Agreement across raters was high, and no differences were observed for posed and spontaneous images. The data set developed in this study can be a valid tool in studies of facial expressions, in particular, with adolescents' samples.

Padova Emotional Dataset of Facial Expressions (PEDFE): A unique dataset of genuine and posed emotional facial expressions

“…These research questions are still unanswered also because the scientific community is still devoid of a validated dataset of stimuli including both genuine emotions from the same actors. Although some datasets including genuine and posed emotions seem to be present in literature (please see Krumhuber et al, 2017 for a review), their usefulness is limited as the emotions expressed are elicited by methods that limited the spontaneity of the subjects' facial displays (e.g., subjects were aware of the aim of the studies, thus creating a barrier in the elicitation of spontaneous emotions) and actors were not asked to rate the genuineness of the expressed emotions (Kulkarni et al, 2018;Cheng et al, 2018;Novello et al, 2018) with the consequence that emotions displayed in these dataset are not perceived as genuine by the observers (Dawel et al, 2017) In addition, these dataset are not validated (Kulkarni et al, 2018;Cheng et al, 2018), or do not include posed emotions, preventing the comparison between genuine and posed emotions (O'Toole et al, 2005;Sebe et al, 2007), or emotions are displayed only through static pictures (Dawel et al, 2017;Novello et al, 2018). Finally, these dataset includes only few emotions (i.e., McLellan et al, 2010includes only happy and sad expressions).…”

Padova Emotional Dataset of Facial Expressions (PEDFE): a unique dataset of genuine and posed emotional facial expressions

“…These research questions are still unanswered also because the scientific community is still devoid of a validated dataset of stimuli including both genuine and posed emotions from the same actors. Although some datasets including genuine and posed emotions seem to be present in literature (please see Krumhuber et al (2017) for a review), their usefulness is limited as the emotions expressed are not genuine as elicited by methods that limited the spontaneity of the subjects' facial displays (e.g., subjects were aware of the aim of the studies, thus creating a barrier in the elicitation of spontaneous emotions) (Cheng et al, 2018;Kulkarni et al, 2018;Novello et al, 2018). In addition, some of them are not validated (Cheng et al, 2018;Kulkarni et al, 2018), or they are displayed only through static pictures (Dawel et al, 2017;Novello et al, 2018).…”