Development of the Technology of Poultry Litter Treatment into Organic Fertilizer through Its Decontamination by the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Method

Abstract

Abstract-Dry poultry waste can be used as a valuable fertilizer for seedbed preparation and spring fertilizing of winter crops. One of the major limitations for the direct application of organic waste in the soil is the presence of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, preserving viability and virulence for a long time. The low-temperature pyrolysis of pelleted litter mass at 250° C and treatment time of 60 min. allows for complete decontamination of this type of waste. Reducing the pyrolysis temperature to 155 ° C even when the treatment time was 60 min. did not fully decontaminate the litter mass. There was also a series of experiments on the use of pelleted litter mass subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis for 1 hour at 250 ° C as a fertilizer. It was found that by introducing these pellets into the soil in an amount of 2 tons/ha, the barley yield increased by 16.2%; the timing of fruit formation of the tomato variety "Krasavets" reduced from 70 to 62 days from the start of germination, and the starting date of ripening decreased from 95 to 82 days; the yield of "Santana" potato variety increased by 36.5% up to 62 tons/ha.

Characteristics of Hydrochar and Liquid Products Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization and Wet Torrefaction of Poultry Litter in Mixture with Wood Sawdust

“…An additional benefit of converting PL into raw or activated hydrochar is the removal of the pathogenic microflora which is contained in large amounts in raw PL. Hence, pyrolysis processes result in the efficient disinfection of PL [27]. Following pyrolysis, the pH of PL decreased to neutral values (pH-6.2-6.8), which are favorable for plant development.…”

Study on “cold” Model of the Fluidization Process of Various Types of Biomass and Its Mixture With Coal

“…The fluidization process of the polydisperse ground particles, representing a mixture of bird droppings and straw, was also studied. An interest in studying the fluidization process of such particles was caused by the need to develop a technology for disinfecting and processing litter into organic fertilizer or biofuel using the torrefaction method [17]. The particles of litter were close to rounded, and particles of straw were long and thin.…”

“…2, when fluidizing polydisperse mixtures of irregular shaped biomass particles [10], it is impossible to determine the value of Umf from the curve of pressure drop in the bed from gas velocity. The so-called Puncochar's method [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] is known, which allows determining Umf value according to standard deviation of the pressure drop fluctuations from gas velocity. This is a very simple method for Umf determination.…”

“…This method can be used not only in laboratory study, but also in industrial fluidized bed reactors. Unfortunately, Puncochar's method was tested only for beds with a narrow fractional composition [11,12,14] or for a mixture consisting of spherical particles of a narrow fractional composition [13,17]. In this paper, we wanted to evaluate the possibility of the application of Puncochar's method for determining Umf for polydisperse mixtures of particles of non-spherical shape, which differ acutely in shape, size and weight.…”

Wet Torrefaction of Poultry Litter in a Pilot Unit: A Numerical Assessment of the Process Parameters

“…The wet torrefaction of poultry litter increased the carbon content by 17% and reduced the oxygen content 2.46-fold, while raising the heat of combustion by 12.5%. It is also noted that wet torrefaction may completely disinfect poultry litter and its mixture with sawdust by removing pathogenic microflora [31].…”