Development of the sympathetic trunks in human embryos

Kruepunga, Nutmethee; Hikspoors, Jill P. J. M.; Hülsman, Cindy J. M.; Köhler, S. Eleonore; Lamers, Wouter H.

doi:10.1111/joa.13415

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…In vivo , sympathetic neurons project along cardiac tissue and form buds with cardiomyocytes. This morphology is referred as the pearl necklace structure [35]. These axonal sprouting are also called varicosity, which contain the cardiac synapse releasing the neurotransmitter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neurons on patient derived-cardiomyocytes using organ-on-a-chip and iPSC biotechnologies

Bernardin

Colombani

Rousselot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In the heart, cardiac function is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that extends through the myocardium and establish junctions at the sinus node and ventricular levels. Thus, an increase or decrease of neuronal activity acutely affects myocardial function and chronically affects its structure through remodeling processes. The neuro-cardiac junction (NCJ), which is the major structure of this system, is poorly understood and only few cell models allow us to study it. Here we present an innovant neuro-cardiac organ-on-chip model to study this structure to better understand the mechanisms involved in the establishment of NCJ. To create such a system, we used microfluidic devices composed of two separate cells compartment interconnected by asymmetric microchannels. Rat PC12 cells, were differentiated to recapitulate the characteristics of sympathetic neurons, and cultivated with cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). We confirmed the presence of specialized structure between the two cell types that allow neuromodulation and observed that the neuronal stimulation impacts the excitation-contraction coupling properties including the intracellular calcium handling. Finally, we also co-cultivated human neurons (hiPSC-NRs) with human cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) both obtained from the same hiPSC line. Hence, we have developed a neuro-cardiac compartmentalized in vitro model system that allows to recapitulate structural and functional properties of neuro-cardiac junction and that can be used to better understand interaction between heart and brain in humans, as well as to evaluate the impact of drugs on a reconstructed human neuro-cardiac system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neurons on patient derived-cardiomyocytes using organ-on-a-chip and iPSC biotechnologies

Bernardin

Colombani

Rousselot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Formation of the sympathetic chain begins around embryonic days 30-36 from neural crest cells along the dorsolateral aspect of the developing spinal cord; these cells differentiate into catecholaminergic ganglionic neurons destined for the sympathetic chain [13,14]. By embryonic days 37-39, the sympathetic chain expands and forms connections with preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers [13]. By embryonic day 44, the ganglionic cells begin to condense and form ganglia at each segmental or spinal level [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By embryonic days 37-39, the sympathetic chain expands and forms connections with preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers [13]. By embryonic day 44, the ganglionic cells begin to condense and form ganglia at each segmental or spinal level [13]. The ganglia and chain continue to grow and mature throughout gestation to distribute sympathetic axons throughout the body [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature termination of the sympathetic chain

Mansour

Kulesza

2022

Folia Morphol

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The sympathetic chain serves to distribute visceral efferents and afferents over the entire body.The sympathetic chain courses from the base of the skull to the coccyx and sends branches to distribute along spinal nerves and a number of visceral nerves that distribute to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. During dissection of the posterior abdominal wall, we identified a rare variation of the sympathetic chain. In this subject, the sympathetic chain failed to send gray rami to the L2-4 spinal nerves and terminated by joining the S1 anterior ramus. Such a variation has only been reported once in the literature in 1895. We provide both schematic and photographic documentation of this variation and propose a number of possible circuits whereby visceral axons can reach their target despite these anatomical barriers.

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“…During this period (4–8 WGA), from the NCs several derivatives arise: the dorsal root ganglia, the sympathetic ganglia, the renal, celiac, and intestinal ganglia and plexus, the afferent ganglia of cranial nerves, and the suprarenal medulla (Newbern, 2015 ; Moore et al, 2016 ). In particular, by 6 WGA, the first parasympathetic ganglia can be detected (Müller and O'Rahilly, 1989 ) and, by 10 WGA, the sympathetic trunks have appeared throughout the vertebral column (Kruepunga et al, 2021 ) and, apart from the colonic loop, the extrinsic innervation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is complete (Kruepunga et al, 2020 ). Neural crest cells also contribute to spleen development (Barlow-Anacker et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: The Fetal Ans Development: the Search Of “Critical Windows”mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows

Cerritelli¹,

Frasch²,

Antonelli³

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contributes significantly to the fetus' development. In particular, several studies have shown how vagus nerve is involved in many vital processes during fetal, perinatal, and postnatal life: from the regulation of inflammation through the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, which may affect the functioning of each organ, to the production of hormones involved in bioenergetic metabolism. In addition, the vagus nerve has been recognized as the primary afferent pathway capable of transmitting information to the brain from every organ of the body. Therefore, this hypothesis paper aims to review the development of ANS during fetal and perinatal life, focusing particularly on the vagus nerve, to identify possible “critical windows” that could impact its maturation. These “critical windows” could help clinicians know when to monitor fetuses to effectively assess the developmental status of both ANS and specifically the vagus nerve. In addition, this paper will focus on which factors—i.e., fetal characteristics and behaviors, maternal lifestyle and pathologies, placental health and dysfunction, labor, incubator conditions, and drug exposure—may have an impact on the development of the vagus during the above-mentioned “critical window” and how. This analysis could help clinicians and stakeholders define precise guidelines for improving the management of fetuses and newborns, particularly to reduce the potential adverse environmental impacts on ANS development that may lead to persistent long-term consequences. Since the development of ANS and the vagus influence have been shown to be reflected in cardiac variability, this paper will rely in particular on studies using fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) to monitor the continued growth and health of both animal and human fetuses. In fact, fHRV is a non-invasive marker whose changes have been associated with ANS development, vagal modulation, systemic and neurological inflammatory reactions, and even fetal distress during labor.

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Development of the sympathetic trunks in human embryos

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of neurons on patient derived-cardiomyocytes using organ-on-a-chip and iPSC biotechnologies

Impact of neurons on patient derived-cardiomyocytes using organ-on-a-chip and iPSC biotechnologies

Premature termination of the sympathetic chain

A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows

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