Development of the social brain from age three to twelve years

Richardson, Hilary; Lisandrelli, Grace; Riobueno-Naylor, Alexa; Saxe, Rebecca

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03399-2

Cited by 271 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Marked improvement in social cognitive skills during childhood and adolescence is generally considered to be the dominant developmental focus of this highly dynamic age range (Blakemore, 2008). The brain regions implicated in "the social brain" are some of the most densely connected in the cortex (McCormick et al, 2018;Oldham and Fornito, 2019;Saxe et al, 2009), and previous studies have shown that significant changes in FC organization of these regions occurs during development (Richardson et al, 2018). Recently, Lake et al used Connectome Predictive Modeling to identify a complex set of FC edges that predict SRS scores in a large sample of children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder (Lake et al, 2019).…”

Section: Social Scores and Functional Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

Vanderwal

Eilbott²,

Kelly

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Patterns of functional connectivity are unique at the individual level, enabling test-retest matching algorithms to identify a subject from among a group using only their functional connectome. Recent findings show that accuracies of these algorithms in children increase with age. Relatedly, the persistence of functional connectivity (FC) patterns across tasks and rest also increases with age. This study investigated the hypothesis that within-subject stability and between-subject similarity of the whole-brain pediatric connectome are developmentally relevant outcomes. Using data from 210 help-seeking children and adolescents, ages 6-21 years (Healthy Brain Network Biobank), we computed whole-brain FC matrices for each participant during two different movies (MovieDM and MovieTP) and two runs of taskfree rest (all from a single scan session) and fed these matrices to a test-retest matching algorithm. We replicated the finding that matching accuracies for children are low (18-44%) relative to previous work in adults and found that cross-state and cross-movie accuracies for children were the lowest. Next, we calculated three measures of connectome stability for each subject: cross-rest (Rest1-Rest2), cross-state (Rest1-MovieDM), and cross-movie (MovieDM-MovieTP), and three measures of within-state betweensubject connectome similarity for Rest1, MovieDM, and MovieTP. We show that all six measures of stability and similarity are correlated, but that these measures are not related to age. A principal component analysis of these measures yielded two components that were used to test for brain-behavior correlations with IQ, general psychopathology, and a social skills measure (n=119). The first component was significantly correlated with the social skills measure (r=-0.27, p=0.003) and overall psychiatric scores (r=-0.239, p=0.009). Post hoc correlations showed that cross-rest stability was correlated with both social skills (p=0.0007) and general psychopathology (p=0.001). Connectome similarity during MovieDM was also correlated with social skills (p=0.0026). These findings suggest that the stability and similarity of the whole-brain connectome relate to overall brain development, and in particular, to those regions that support social cognition. We infer that the development of the functional connectome simultaneously achieves patterns of FC that are distinct at the individual subject level, that are shared across individuals, and that are persistent across states and across runs-features which presumably combine to optimize neural processing during development. Future longitudinal work could reveal the developmental trajectories of stability and similarity of the connectome.

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Section: Social Scores and Functional Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

Vanderwal

Eilbott²,

Kelly

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, mentalizing-selective temporo-parietal cortex (TPJ-M) was localized using the Pixar short-film 'Partly Cloudy' (2009), by modelling responses to timepoints that reliably evoke responses to mentalizing (along with 'pain', 'social' and 'control' timepoints) as described previously (Richardson et al, 2018). However, as this region did not respond strongly to interaction stimuli, these data are not reported in the main text (see supplementary materials C for further details).…”

Section: Mri Tasks and Experimental Sessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Visual Responses to Social Interactions

Walbrin

Mihai

Landsiedel

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Highlights• Children show less interaction selectivity in the pSTS than adults • Adults show bilateral pSTS selectivity, while children are more right-lateralized • Exploratory findings suggest interaction selectivity in pSTS is more focally tuned in adults Keywords Social interaction; fMRI; development; pSTS; category selectivityAbstract Recent evidence demonstrates that a region of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is selective to visually observed social interactions in adults. In contrast,we know comparatively little about neural responses to social interactions in children.Here, we used fMRI to ask whether the pSTS would be 'tuned' to social interactions in children at all, and if so, how selectivity might differ from adults. This was investigated not only in the pSTS, but also in socially-tuned regions in neighbouring temporal cortex:extrastriate body area (EBA), face-selective STS (STS-F), fusiform face area (FFA), and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ-M).Both children and adults showed selectivity to social interaction within right pSTS, while only adults showed selectivity on the left. Adults also showed both more focal and greater selectivity than children (6-12 years) bilaterally. Exploratory sub-group analyses showed that younger children (6-8 years), but not older children (9)(10)(11)(12), are less selective than adults on the right, while there was a developmental trend (adults > older > younger) in left pSTS. These results suggest that, over development, the neural response to social interactions is characterized by increasingly more selective, more focal and more bilateral pSTS responses, a process that likely continues into adolescence.

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“…Further, our MEG data were recorded when the children were watching cartoon of their own choice. This framework of data collection is being increasingly used in neuroimaging studies with young children Richardson et al (2018), one limitation is that we cannot dis-criminate between task-driven and intrinsic contributions to the temporal variability of FCN. For example, the negative correlations between left parahippocampal region and mental processing scale might reflect a combination of both intrinsic changes in network structure and increasing stability of the cartoon-driven response in the selected region.…”

Section: Age-related Increase In Temporal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking flexibility of brain networks to cognitive development in preschool children

Chamakura

Daimi

Watanabe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent studies of functional connectivity networks (FCNs) suggest that the reconfiguration of brain network across time, both at rest and during task, is linked with cognition in human adults. In this study, we tested this prediction, i.e. cognitive ability is associated with a flexible brain network in preschool children of 3-4 years -a critical age, representing a 'blossoming period' for brain development. We recorded magnetoencephalogram (MEG) data from 88 preschoolers, and assessed their cognitive ability by a battery of cognitive tests. We estimated FCNs obtained from the source reconstructed MEG recordings, and characterized the temporal variability at each node using a novel path-based measure of temporal variability; the latter captures reconfiguration of the node's interactions to the rest of the network across time. Using connectome predictive modeling, we demonstrated that the temporal variability of fronto-temporal nodes in the dynamic FCN can reliably predict out-of-scanner performance of short-term memory and attention distractability in novel participants. Further, we observed that the network-level temporal variability increased with age, while individual nodes exhibited an inverse relationship between temporal variability and node centrality. These results demonstrate that functional brain networks, and especially their reconfiguration ability, are important to cognition at an early but a critical stage of human brain development.

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Development of the social brain from age three to twelve years

Cited by 271 publications

References 73 publications

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

Developmental Changes in Visual Responses to Social Interactions

Linking flexibility of brain networks to cognitive development in preschool children

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