Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Feeding Cell

Berg, R. Howard; Fester, Thomas; Taylor, Christopher G.

doi:10.1007/7089_2008_30

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Many of these plant systems have cultivars or mutants that are susceptible, tolerant, or resistant to parasitic nematodes. Careful use of susceptible and resistant recombinant inbred lines has been proven to be a powerful tool in identifying plant genes that regulate host responses to invading nematodes (Tomczak et al 2008;Berg et al 2008). Likewise, cyst nematodes including Heterodera schachtii , H. glycines , Globodera pallida , and G. rostochiensis and the root-knot nematodes including Meloidogyne incognita , M. javanica , M. arenaria , and M. hapla are frequently used in the analysis of gene expression primarily due to their economic impact on agriculture.…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Analysis Of Tissues For Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nematode-induced changes in gene expression can occur even before the entry of juvenile nematodes into host plants . Upon entering, infective juveniles migrate to the vascular cylinder within the root to begin setting up a feeding site (Berg et al 2008;Sobczak and Golinowski 2008). Nematode feeding sites undergo numerous transformations from a single cell to a multi-cellular structure, all of which are controlled by activation or suppression of plant developmental, hormonal, and stress pathways (Gheysen and Mitchum 2008).…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Analysis Of Tissues For Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our initial interest in using these arrays was sparked by the 805 transcripts on the ATH1 chip that were represented in the Arabidopsis Membrane Protein Library Database and were annotated as transport proteins. Given the symplastic isolation of nematode feeding sites and associated transfer cell-like characteristics, we hypothesized that transport plays an important role in the parasitism process (Offler et al 2002;Berg et al 2008;Sobczak and Golinowski 2008).…”

Section: Microarray Analyses Of Whole Infested Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptomic Analysis of Nematode Infestation

Li¹,

Fester²,

Christopher³

et al. 2008

Plant Cell Monographs

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The establishment and maintenance of nematode feeding sites and subsequent nematode development are associated with significant changes in expression level of both plant and nematode genes. Analysis of the changes in transcript abundance during feeding site establishment and function provides insight into the complexity of plant-nematode interactions and may lead to the discovery of novel strategies for managing nematodes. Early techniques of gene discovery had identified a small cadre of genes induced in the plant host or invading nematode. More recently, the adoption of high-throughput gene expression tools such as microarrays has allowed the identification of hundreds of both plant and nematode genes that are regulated over the course of nematode infestation. Initially, microarray studies were used to examine gene expression in whole infested roots or nematode feeding site-enriched tissues. More recently, the combination of laser-assisted microdissection of nematode feeding sites and subsequent transcriptomic analyses using microarrays has provided an unprecedented view of gene expression within the feeding site itself. This chapter is intended to present a broad overview of the knowledge gained to date about techniques that have been used to identify differentially regulated genes of both plant and nematode during the plant-nematode interaction and recent methodological improvements crucial for future studies.

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Section: Temporal and Spatial Analysis Of Tissues For Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal and Spatial Analysis Of Tissues For Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microarray Analyses Of Whole Infested Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transcriptomic Analysis of Nematode Infestation

Li¹,

Fester²,

Christopher³

et al. 2008

Plant Cell Monographs

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“…The observation that no, or only single, galls and egg masses were formed on the roots of the resistant lines indicates that the resistance acts at an early stage of the juvenile-plant interaction. The most important step of this interaction seems to be the formation of the feeding site after penetration of the J2 in the root tissue (Berg et al, 2009). Resistance of other crops to root-knot nematodes are characterised by an arrest of the feeding site induc tion as a result of a hypersensitive response of the at tacked cells (Finkers-Tomczak et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal assignment of oil radish resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica using a set of disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines

Zhang

Schliephake

Budahn

2014

Nematol

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Root-knot nematodes cause severe damage to a great number of crops worldwide. The use of nematicides is restricted due to environmental and toxicological risks and control of the pest by crop rotation is difficult because root-knot nematodes have a very wide range of host plants. To verify the strategy of converting rapeseed from a tolerant host for Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica to a resistant catch crop, a complete set of nine disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines (lines A to I) was tested for resistance against these Meloidogyne species. Thirty plants of each addition line and the rapeseed and radish parents as control were infected with 2500 second-stage juveniles per plant. The presence of the alien radish chromosome was confirmed by chromosome-specific microsatellite markers. After cultivation of the inoculated plants for 10 weeks in a climatic chamber the root systems were washed. The egg masses were stained with Cochenille Red and counted. The radish parent A24 was found to be resistant to M. incognita (2.4 egg masses (g root)-1 ) and M. javanica (0.4 egg masses (g root)-1 ) compared to 53.3 and 33.1 egg masses (g root)-1 for the susceptible rapeseed parent cv. Madora. The radish chromosome e was shown to be the carrier of radish root-knot nematode resistance with an average number of <1 egg mass (g root)-1 for M. incognita and M. javanica. The disomic addition lines B, C, D, G, H and I and the parental radish line A107 were classified as highly susceptible, whereas the addition lines A and F showed significantly reduced susceptibility for M. incognita but not for M. javanica. To our knowledge this is the first study on resistance effects of individual radish chromosomes in a rapeseed background against these root-knot nematodes.

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“…2B). The assembly of intracel lular feeding tubes may be reliant on some unknown inter action with the host cell cytoplasm (Rumpenhorst, 1984;Sobczak et al, 1999;Berg et al, 2009;Sobczak & Golinowski, 2009), as inducing parasitic nematodes to secrete pharyngeal gland contents in vitro does not result in the formation of feeding tubes (Hussey & Mims, 1991). In tracellular feeding tubes are often associated with whorls of membrane systems of unknown function that resemble smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Rebois, 1980;Fenoll et al, 1997;Sobczak et al, 1999).…”

Section: S Eves-van Denmentioning

confidence: 94%

Plant-parasitic nematode feeding tubes and plugs: new perspectives on function

Akker

Lilley

Jones

et al. 2015

Nematol

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Sum m ary -Several structures associated with feeding by plant-parasitic nematodes have been described using two terms, feeding tubes and feeding plugs. However, both of these terms encompass multiple structures of independent evolution, some of which are functionally distinct. We have reviewed the literature on both structures and provide a new perspective on the function of intracellular feeding tubes to maintain the integrity and efficacy of the feeding site. We propose that they provide sufficient hydraulic resistance against the feeding site pressure to prevent it from collapsing during feeding. In addition, we propose that extracellular feeding tubes of migratory ectoparasites should be considered as the functional analogue of the stylet of all other plant-parasitic nematodes for withdrawal of host cell cytoplasm and, therefore, provide an example of convergent evolution. We also suggest that the main role of the feeding plug, irrespective of origin or composition, may be in adhesion.Keywords -biotrophic interactions, convergent evolution, hydraulic resistance, nematode feeding. Plant-parasitism by nem atodes encom passes a diverse array o f parasitism strategies. A w ide range and num ber o f species exist that are capable o f parasitising the roots, stem s or leaves o f plants. By far the m ost econom ically dam aging, and consequently the m ost studied, are those that parasitise roots. In general, root-parasitic ne m atodes can be broadly divided into tw o categories: those that spend their life cycle outside the host (ectoparasites), and those that spend part, if not all, o f their life w ithin the host (sem i-endoparasites and endoparasites). T he endoparasites include both m igratory and sedentary species, both o f w hich cause extensive dam age to root system architecture. M igratory endoparasites m ove destructively inside the root, feeding on cells that they disrupt. Seden tary endoparasites spend the m ajority o f their adult life inside the host; they re-program m e host root cells, by the secretion o f effectors, to create a highly m etabolically ac tive nutrient sink from w hich they feed for a num ber o f weeks. Plant-parasitic nem atodes, and the various m odes o f parasitism , are distributed across four o f the 12 clades o f the phylum N em atoda (van M egen et al., 2009) (Fig. 1). C lade 1 contains the m igratory ectoparasitic Trichodorus species, w hile C lade 2 contains the m igratory ectopara sitic Longidorus and Xiphinema species. Species o f two plant-parasitic genera, Bursaphelenchus (m igratory endoparasitic) and the foliar plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides, are found in C lade 10. T he m ajority o f plant-parasitic species, including the m ost econom ically im portant m i gratory endoparasitic and sedentary endoparasitic species,are found in C lade 12. In addition, it is generally ac cepted that, w ithin C lade 12, sedentary plant-parasitism has arisen on at least tw o separate occasions for the cyst and root-knot nem atodes, although given the range and diversity o f parasitic strate...

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Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Feeding Cell

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Transcriptomic Analysis of Nematode Infestation

Transcriptomic Analysis of Nematode Infestation

Chromosomal assignment of oil radish resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica using a set of disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines

Plant-parasitic nematode feeding tubes and plugs: new perspectives on function

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