Development of the pH Meter

Jaselskis, Bruno; Moore, Carl R.; Smolinski, Alfred von

doi:10.1021/bk-1989-0390.ch018

Cited by 5 publications

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“…There was a down side, however, in that the electrodes were difficult to use: the high electrical resistance of glass rendered them dismally poor circuit elements. Consequently, prior to the development of vacuum tube voltmeters, measurements were carried out using galvanometric and potentiometric techniques. , …”

Section: Glass Electrodes and Foundation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Glass Electrode and the pH Response

2013

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ABSTRACT:The glass electrode is the most commonly used device to access the pH of an aqueous solution. It attains highly accurate measurements via simple and well-established procedures. However, the reasons why the glass electrode potential scales with hydrogen ion concentration according to almost Nernstian potential values have been long-standing challenges to explain. Only in the past 50 years has an understanding of the glass electrode response to pH been achieved, as elucidated by Nikolsky and Baucke and other researchers. In essence, the potential of a glass electrode derives from a solid−liquid electrolyte ionic process that entails both hydrated glass surface groups and diverse ions in solution. Thus, a process that is deceptively complicatedand usually overlookedunderpins a boundary potential difference. This notwithstanding, other interpretations of the glass electrode response have been contributed. Most notably, Cheng has viewed the device as an electrical circuit condenser responding to adsorbed hydrogen or hydroxyl ions. In addition, Morrison has attributed the glass electrode response to a double layer surface− liquid interface potential. The purpose of this article is to portray an unusual mix of complexity and viewpoint disparity over the years. Knowledge and appreciation of this mix offer a more complete picture for students and educators of aqueous solution chemistry. This information is most appropriate to lecture and laboratory courses on quantitative analysis.

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Section: Glass Electrodes and Foundation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Glass Electrode and the pH Response

2013

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“…Für weitere Angaben zur historischen Entwicklung der Messgeräte für die pH-Messung sei auf Übersichten von Jaselskies et al [85] und speziell zu transistorierBild 6 Transistor-pH-Meter aus dem Forschungsinstitut Meinsbergdas weltweit erste nur mit Transistoren ausgestattete Messgerät (vgl. Text).…”

Section: Instrumentierung/messinstrumenteunclassified

Geschichte der pH-Glaselektrode und der pH-MesstechnikHistory of the pH glass electrode and the electrometric pH measurement

Kaden¹

2010

Tm - Technisches Messen

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Zusammenfassung Die Geschichte der Glaselektrode begann im 19. Jahrhundert mit der Entdeckung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von Glas. Die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften von Glaselektroden wurden eingangs des 20. Jahrhunderts entdeckt. Ihr breiter Einsatz in der Messtechnik wurde nach der Entwicklung der Elektronenröhre möglich. SummaryThe history of the glass electrode started with the discovery of the electric conductivity of glass in the 19th century. The electrochemical properties of glass electrodes were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century. Their broad application in measuring technique was made possible by the development of the electron tube.

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“…However, the classical instrumentation era culminated with the development of the vacuum tube voltmeter by A. O. Beckman. This interesting history has been discussed by Jaselskis et al 121 The semiconductor revolution introduced the next innovation, as vacuum tubes were replaced by semiconductors, giving rise to the electronic voltmeter. The early electronic ion meters were meter readout instruments, but today's electronic ion meters are digital readout instruments, which utilize either a light-emitting diode (LED) display or a liquid crystal display (LCD).…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion‐Selective Electrodes: Fundamentals

Young

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This article begins with an introduction to ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs). The classification protocol based on the most recent International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommendations is given. The historical development of ISEs is summarized, starting with the pH electrode. For the inorganic cations and anions, a periodic table “time‐line” is given. Recent history has seen the rise of polymer membrane ISEs, which are important in clinical analysis. The historical section concludes with a brief look at these ISEs. The general theory of the potential generation process is explained, and then aspects of the potential generation process that are specific for the different classes of ISEs. A short review of the instrumentation needed to make the measurements is given, followed by an overview of the latest commercially available instrumentation. One aspect of ISE research is the development of selective probes for determining the analyte content of individual cells. This requires miniaturization, and this has been achieved by the development of microelectrode ISEs. An overview of this area is given. Finally, some recent developments that represent the directions of research in the ISE field are given. Included are the development of sensors for patient monitoring, the development of ISE sensor arrays, and the development of more sophisticated electronic and mathematical methods of data analysis.

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Development of the pH Meter

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the Glass Electrode and the pH Response

Development of the Glass Electrode and the pH Response

Geschichte der pH-Glaselektrode und der pH-MesstechnikHistory of the pH glass electrode and the electrometric pH measurement

Ion‐Selective Electrodes: Fundamentals

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