Development of the Personal Aldehydes and Ketones Sampler Based upon DNSH Derivatization on Solid Sorbent

Abstract

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a tubetype diffusive sampler, the Personal Aldehydes and Ketones Sampler (PAKS). The sampler employs dansylhydrazine (DNSH)-coated solid sorbent to collect aldehydes and ketones (carbonyls). The DNSH-carbonyl derivatives are analyzed using a sensitive HPLC-fluorescence technique. The PAKS was evaluated using test atmospheres containing eight carbonyls for a range of face velocity, temperature, relative humidity, concentration, and sampling duration. The PAKS was also evaluated in the field by comparing results obtained from the PAKS method to those from a conventional DNPH method. The evaluation results indicate that the PAKS is a valid passive sampler for 24-48-h collection of carbonyls in indoor, outdoor, or personal air. The fluorescence detection of DNSH-carbonyl derivatives substantially enhances the sensitivity of the PAKS method as compared to the DNPH method when the sampling rates for the two methods are comparable. The PAKS exposure detection limits for the eight tested carbonyls of relatively large health risk importance (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and hexaldehyde) range from 0.4 to 1.6 (ppb) (day).

Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study: study design, methods and quality assurance/control results

“…Similar to DNPH-carbonyl derivatives, individual DNSH-carbonyl derivatives can be separated by reverse-phase HPLC. However, the sensitivity and selectivity of the DNSH technique is enhanced over DNPH derivatization due to the use of fluorescence detection, which is more sensitive than the UV detection method used for the DNPH derivatives; in addition it permits sampling and analysis for acrolein more effectively than DNPH derivatization (Zhang et al, 2000). The carbonyls measured were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, benzaldehyde, hexaldehyde, glyoxal and methylglyoxal.…”

“…All PAKSs were analyzed by the EOHSI laboratory. The DNPH method used in the EOHSI laboratory and UTSPH has been reported in detail earlier (Zhang et al, 1994(Zhang et al, , 2000. Briefly, Sep-Pak C 18 cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were coated with DNPH and stored in a freezer before use.…”

“…Briefly, Sep-Pak C 18 cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were coated with DNPH and stored in a freezer before use. The DNPH-carbonyl derivatives were extracted with acetonitrile (ACN) when returned from the field and analyzed by HPLC/UV (Zhang et al, 2000). Calibration curves were prepared using certified standard solutions of DNPHcarbonyl derivatives purchased commercially (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA; Accustandard, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA).…”

“…The exposed or blank PAKSs were extracted with ACN. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection as described in detail by Zhang et al (2000). Standards of DNSH-carbonyl derivatives were prepared in situ by spiking a known amount of carbonyl compounds into DNSH-coated C18 cartridges.…”

Concentrations and Source Characteristics of Airborne Carbonyl Compounds Measured Outside Urban Residences

“…22 and Ketones Sampler and analyzed using an high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method. 24 To identify the contributions from primary emissions and secondary formations/losses to ambient carbonyl levels, local CO and O 3 data were used as indicators for primary combustion sources and photochemical activities, respectively. The RIOPA study did not conduct sideby-side measurements of O 3 and CO along with the carbonyl compounds.…”